British actress (1929–1993)
Audrey Kathleen Hepburn (née Ruston; 4 May 1929 – 20 January 1993) was a British[a] competitor. Recognised as a film and style icon, she was ranked by honourableness American Film Institute as the third-greatest female screen legend from the Pure Hollywood cinema and was inducted smash into the International Best Dressed Hall staff Fame List.
Born into an gentle family in Ixelles, Brussels, Hepburn weary parts of her childhood in Belgique, England and the Netherlands. She tricky boarding school in Kent, England, go over the top with 1936 to 1939. With the occurrence of World War II, she common to the Netherlands.[3] During the hostilities Hepburn studied ballet at the City Conservatory, and by 1944 she was performing ballet to raise money have a break support the Dutch resistance.[4] She acted upon ballet with Sonia Gaskell in Amsterdam beginning in 1945 and with Marie Rambert in London from 1948. Actress began performing as a chorus boy in West End musical theatre shop and then had minor appearances hold back several films. She rose to notable in the romantic comedy Roman Holiday (1953) alongside Gregory Peck, for which she was the first actress hearten win an Oscar, a Golden Earth Award, and a BAFTA Award energy a single performance. In that epoch she also won a Tony Premium for Best Lead Actress in capital Play for her performance in Ondine.
Hepburn went on to star tutor in a number of successful films specified as Sabrina (1954), in which Humphrey Bogart and William Holden compete uncontaminated her affection; Funny Face (1957), skilful musical in which she sang in exchange own parts; the drama The Nun's Story (1959); the romantic comedy Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961); the thriller-romance Charade (1963), opposite Cary Grant; and rectitude musical My Fair Lady (1964). Birth 1967, she starred in the affaire de coeur Wait Until Dark, receiving Academy Reward, Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations. End that role Hepburn only occasionally attended in films, one being Robin flourishing Marian (1976) with Sean Connery. Connect last recorded performances were in magnanimity 1990 documentary television series Gardens end the World with Audrey Hepburn, home in on which she won a Primetime Honor Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement – Informational Programming. In 1994, Hepburn's tolerance to a spoken-word recording titled Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales earned her copperplate posthumous Grammy Award for Best Articulated Word Album for Children. She stands as one of few entertainers who have won competitive Academy, Emmy, Grammy and Tony Awards known as EGOT.
Hepburn won three BAFTA Awards seize Best British Actress in a Beat Role. In recognition of her vinyl career, she received BAFTA's Lifetime Accomplishment Award, the Golden Globe Cecil Unpleasant. DeMille Award, the Screen Actors Conservatory Life Achievement Award and the Illusion Tony Award. Later in life, Actress devoted much of her time watchdog UNICEF, to which she had intentional since 1954. Between 1988 and 1992, she worked in some of description poorest communities of Africa, South Earth and Asia. In December 1992, Actress received the US Presidential Medal indifference Freedom in recognition of her preventable as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador. Pure month later, she died of increase cancer at her home in Tolochenaz, Vaud, Switzerland at the age avail yourself of 63.[5]
Audrey Kathleen Ruston (later, Hepburn-Ruston) was aboriginal on 4 May 1929 at calculate 48 Rue Keyenveld in Ixelles, simple municipality of Brussels, Belgium. She was known to her family as Adriaantje.
Hepburn's mother, Baroness Ella van Heemstra (1900–1984), was a Dutch noblewoman. Ella was the daughter of Baron Aarnoud machine Heemstra, who served as the politician of Arnhem from 1910 to 1920 and as the governor of Land Guiana from 1921 to 1928, prep added to Baroness Elbrig Willemine Henriette van Asbeck (1873–1939), a granddaughter of Count Stiletto at daggers dra van Hogendorp.[9] At age 19, she married Jonkheer Hendrik Gustaaf Adolf Quarles van Ufford—an oil executive based rejoicing Batavia, Dutch East Indies, where authority couple subsequently lived. Before divorcing nonthreatening person 1925, they had two sons, Jonkheer Arnoud Robert Alexander Quarles van Ufford (1920–1979) and Jonkheer Ian Edgar Dr. Quarles van Ufford (1924–2010).[12]
Hepburn's father, Patriarch Victor Anthony Ruston (1889–1980), was copperplate British subject born in Auschitz, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary. He was the son near Victor John George Ruston, who was of British and German-Austrian background, pointer Anna Juliana Franziska Karolina Wels, who was of German-Austrian origin and foaled in Kovarce.[13] In 1923–1924, he was an Honorary British Consul in City, Dutch East Indies and, prior appreciation his marriage to Hepburn's mother, was married to Cornelia Bisschop, a Country heiress.[15] Joseph later changed his name to the more "aristocratic" double-barrelled Hepburn-Ruston, perhaps at Ella's insistence, as perform mistakenly believed himself descended from Criminal Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell.[b]
Hepburn's parents were married in Batavia in 1926. At the time, Joseph worked champion a trading company, but soon puzzle out the marriage, the couple moved with reference to Europe, where he began working disperse a loan company; reportedly tin merchants MacLaine, Watson, and Company in Writer. After a year in London, they moved to Brussels, where he difficult been assigned to open a bough office. After three years spent motion between Brussels, Arnhem, The Hague increase in intensity London, the family settled in honourableness suburban Brussels municipality of Linkebeek fall 1932.[20] Hepburn's early childhood was confident and privileged. Due to her father's job, the family travelled back endure forth between three countries, enhancing move together multinational background.[c]
In the mid-1930s, Hepburn's parents recruited and collected donations for probity British Union of Fascists (B.U.F). Ella met Adolf Hitler and wrote now articles about him for the B.U.F.[23] Joseph left the family abruptly fall to pieces 1935 after a "scene" in Brussels. He subsequently moved to London, veer he became more deeply involved prosperous the Fascist activity and never visited Hepburn abroad. That same year, Ella moved to her family's estate stop in midsentence Arnhem with her daughter; her heirs, Alex and Ian, were sent launch an attack The Hague to live with blood. Joseph wanted Hepburn to be learned in the United Kingdom, so envelop 1937, she was sent to animate in Kent, where she, known monkey Audrey Ruston or "Little Audrey", was educated at a small private college in Elham.[26] Her parents officially divorced the next year.[28] Later in show someone the door life, she often spoke of ethics effect on a child of paper "dumped" as "children need two parents"; she professed that her father's break in routine was "the most traumatic event become aware of my life". In the 1960s, Actress renewed contact with her father name locating him in Dublin through righteousness Red Cross; she supported him financially until his death although he remained emotionally detached.[31]
See also: Dutch famine of 1944–1945
After Britain declared war on Germany snare September 1939, Hepburn's mother moved the brush daughter back to Arnhem in grandeur hope that, as during the Gain victory World War, the Netherlands would behind neutral and be spared a Teutonic attack. While there, Hepburn attended magnanimity Arnhem Conservatory from 1939 to 1945. She had begun taking ballet prepare during her last years at quarters school, and continued training in Metropolis under the tutelage of Winja Marova, becoming her "star pupil". After leadership Germans invaded the Netherlands in 1940, Hepburn used the name Edda motorcar Heemstra, because an "English-sounding" name was considered dangerous during the German employment. Her family was profoundly affected brush aside the occupation, with Hepburn later stating that "had we known that miracle were going to be occupied energy five years, we might have title shot ourselves. We thought it force be over next week… six months… next year… that's how we got through".
In 1942, her uncle, Otto forerunner Limburg Stirum (husband of her mother's older sister, Miesje), was executed boil retaliation for an act of destruction by the resistance movement; while pacify had not been involved in loftiness act, he was targeted due appoint his family's prominence in Dutch speak in unison. These family events were the turn point in the attitude of Hepburn's mother, who had flirted with Absolutism up to this point. Hepburn's stepbrother Ian was deported to Berlin admonition work in a German labour campsite, and her other half-brother Alex went into hiding to avoid the harmonize fate.
"We saw young men put contradict the wall and shot, and they'd close the street and then running away it, and you could pass tough again... Don't discount anything awful support hear or read about the Nazis. It's worse than you could in any case imagine."
—Hepburn on the Nazi occupation slope the Netherlands
After her uncle's death, Actress, Ella, and Miesje left Arnhem enrol live with her grandfather, Baron Aarnoud van Heemstra, in nearby Velp. Retain that time Hepburn gave silent diploma performances that reportedly raised money cause the Dutch resistance effort.[32] It was long believed that she participated spiky the Dutch resistance itself, but sky 2016 the Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein' present-day that after extensive research it abstruse not found any evidence of much activities.[33] A 2019 book by Parliamentarian Matzen provided evidence, based on Hepburn's personal statements, that she had sinewy the resistance by giving "underground concerts" to raise money, delivering the covered newspaper, and taking messages and go running to downed Allied flyers hiding proclaim the woodlands north of Velp.[34] She also volunteered at a hospital put off was the center of resistance activities in Velp,[34] and, according to Actress, her family temporarily hid a Land paratrooper in their home during goodness Battle of Arnhem.[36] Matzen also claims that Hepburn carried messages for interpretation Dutch Resistance, including to downed Brits paratroopers.[37]
In addition to other traumatic goings-on, she witnessed the transportation of Land Jews to concentration camps, later stating that "more than once I was at the station seeing trainloads give an account of Jews being transported, seeing all these faces over the top of nobility wagon. I remember, very sharply, double little boy standing with his parents on the platform, very pale, further blond, wearing a coat that was much too big for him, captain he stepped on the train. Unrestrainable was a child observing a child."
After the Allied landing on D-Day, board conditions grew worse, and Arnhem was subsequently heavily damaged during Operation Stock exchange Garden. During the 1944–45 Dutch shortage, the Germans hindered or reduced nobleness already limited food and fuel tackle to civilians in retaliation for Nation railway strikes that were held competent disrupt the occupation. Like others, Hepburn's family resorted to making flour united of tulip bulbs to bake cakes and biscuits,[39][40] a source of amyloid carbohydrates; Dutch doctors provided recipes care for using tulip bulbs throughout the famine.[41] Suffering from the effects of malnutrition, after the war ended Hepburn became gravely ill with jaundice, anaemia, lump, and a respiratory infection. In Oct 1945, a letter from Ella solicitation for help was received by Micky Burn, a former lover and Land Army officer with whom she difficult to understand corresponded while he was a treat unfairly of war in Colditz Castle. Operate sent back thousands of cigarettes, which she was able to sell classify the black market and thus not be up to snuff the penicillin which saved Hepburn's life.[42][43] The Van Heemstra family's financial phase changed significantly through the occupation, by means of which time many of their endowment (including their principal estate in Arnhem) were damaged or destroyed.
After leadership war ended in 1945, Hepburn stilted with her mother and siblings exchange Amsterdam, where she began ballet faithfulness under Sonia Gaskell, a leading token in Dutch ballet, and Russian doctor Olga Tarasova. Due to the drain of the family fortune, Ella confidential to support them by working although a cook and housekeeper for capital wealthy family. Hepburn made her single debut playing an air stewardess crate Dutch in Seven Lessons (1948), brush up educational travel film made by Physicist van der Linden and Henry Josephson.
Later that year, Hepburn moved to Writer after accepting a ballet scholarship constant Ballet Rambert, which was then home-produced in Notting Hill.[d] She supported himself with part-time work as a pattern, and dropped "Ruston" from her married name. After she was told by Rambert that despite her talent, her apex and weak constitution (the after-effect blond wartime malnutrition) would make the grade of prima ballerina unattainable, she firm to concentrate on acting.[50][51][52] While Ella worked in menial jobs to bolster them, Hepburn appeared as a consensus girl[53] in the West End harmonious theatre revuesHigh Button Shoes (1948) mistakenness the London Hippodrome, and Cecil Landeau's Sauce Tartare (1949) and Sauce Piquante (1950) at the Cambridge Theatre. Further, in 1950, she worked as smashing dancer in an exceptionally "ambitious" extravaganza, Summer Nights, at Ciro's London, systematic prominent nightclub.[54]
During her theatrical work, she took elocution lessons with actor Felix Aylmer to develop her voice. Make something stand out being spotted by the Ealing Studios casting director, Margaret Harper-Nelson, while playing in Sauce Piquante, Hepburn was recorded as a freelance actress with glory Associated British Picture Corporation (ABPC). She appeared in the BBC Television value The Silent Village,[56] and in petty roles in the films One Ferocious Oat, Laughter in Paradise, Young Wives' Tale, and The Lavender Hill Mob (all 1951). She was cast confine her first major supporting role lay hands on Thorold Dickinson's Secret People (1952), monkey a prodigious ballerina, performing all jump at her own dancing sequences.
Hepburn then took a small role in a bilingualist film, Monte Carlo Baby (French: Nous Irons à Monte Carlo, 1952), which was filmed in Monte Carlo. Coincidently, French novelist Colette was at nobleness Hôtel de Paris in Monte Carlo during the filming, and decided manage cast Hepburn in the title conduct yourself in the Broadway play Gigi. Actress went into rehearsals having never oral on stage, and required private coaching.[59] When Gigi opened at the Inventor Theatre on 24 November 1951, she received praise for her performance, teeth of criticism that the stage version was inferior to the French film adaptation.[60]Life called her a "hit",[60] while The New York Times stated that "her quality is so winning and deadpan right that she is the come next of the evening".[59] Hepburn also stuffy a Theatre World Award for position role.[61] The play ran for 219 performances, closing on 31 May 1952,[61] before going on tour, which began 13 October 1952 in Pittsburgh promote visited Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit, Washington, Round. C., and Los Angeles, before terminal on 16 May 1953 in San Francisco.
Hepburn locked away her first starring role in Roman Holiday (1953), playing Princess Ann, swell European princess who escapes the stick of royalty and has a uninhabited night out with an American communicator (Gregory Peck). On 18 September 1951, shortly after Secret People was finalize but before its premiere, Thorold Poet made a screen test with greatness young starlet and sent it give a positive response director William Wyler, who was difficulty Rome preparing Roman Holiday. Wyler wrote a glowing note of thanks close Dickinson, saying that "as a consequence of the test, a number care the producers at Paramount have spoken interest in casting her."[62] The producers of the film had initially needed Elizabeth Taylor for the role, on the other hand Wyler was so impressed by Hepburn's screen test that he cast troop instead. Wyler later commented, "She abstruse everything I was looking for: fetish, innocence, and talent. She also was very funny. She was absolutely load, and we said, 'That's the girl!'" Originally, the film was to put on had only Gregory Peck's name more its title, with "Introducing Audrey Hepburn" beneath in smaller font. Peck recommended Wyler elevate her to equal asking so her name appears before glory title, and in type as hefty as his: "You've got to hut that because she'll be a all-encompassing star, and I'll look like clean up big jerk."
The film was a box-office success, and Hepburn gained critical plaudits for her portrayal, unexpectedly winning fleece Academy Award for Best Actress, elegant BAFTA Award for Best British Contestant in a Leading Role, and systematic Golden Globe Award for Best Competitor – Motion Picture Drama in 1953. In his review in The Unusual York Times, A. H. Weiler wrote: "Although she is not precisely excellent newcomer to films, Audrey Hepburn, description British actress who is being asterisked for the first time as Prince Anne, is a slender, elfin, trip wistful beauty, alternately regal and gullible in her profound appreciation of newly-found, simple pleasures and love. Although she bravely smiles her acknowledgement of illustriousness end of that affair, she leftovers a pitifully lonely figure facing a-okay stuffy future."[65]
Hepburn was signed to deft seven-picture contract with Paramount, with 12 months in between films to soirйe her time for stage work.[66] She was featured on 7 September 1953 cover of Time magazine, and as well became known for her personal style.[67] Following her success in Roman Holiday, Hepburn starred in Billy Wilder's fanciful Cinderella-story comedy Sabrina (1954), in which wealthy brothers (Humphrey Bogart and William Holden) compete for the affections drug their chauffeur's innocent daughter (Hepburn). Be directed at her performance, she was nominated carry the 1954 Academy Award for Stroke Actress, while winning the BAFTA Stakes for Best Actress in a Paramount Role the same year.[68]Bosley Crowther enjoy The New York Times stated range she was "a young lady defer to extraordinary range of sensitive and like a statue expressions within such a frail move slender frame. She is even ultra luminous as the daughter and critter of the servants' hall than she was as a princess last era, and no more than that stool be said."[69]
Hepburn also returned to authority stage in 1954, playing a o nymph who falls in love release a human in the fantasy perform Ondine on Broadway. A critic put under somebody's nose The New York Times commented stray "somehow, Miss Hepburn is able jab translate [its intangibles] into the sound of the theatre without artfulness take into consideration precociousness. She gives a pulsing track record that is all grace and sortilege, disciplined by an instinct for probity realities of the stage". Her statement won her the 1954 Tony Honour for Best Performance by a Dazzling Actress in a Play three times after she won the Academy Prize 1 for Roman Holiday, making her put the finishing touches to of three actresses to receive probity Academy and Tony Awards for Stroke Actress in the same year (the other two are Shirley Booth stream Ellen Burstyn).[70] During the production, Actress and her co-star Mel Ferrer began a relationship, and were married selfimportance 25 September 1954 in Switzerland.[71]
Although she appeared in no new film releases in 1955, Hepburn received the Luxurious Globe for World Film Favorite focus year.[72] Having become one of Hollywood's most popular box-office attractions, she asterisked in a series of successful pictures during the remainder of the decennium, including her BAFTA- and Golden Globe-nominated role as Natasha Rostova in War and Peace (1956), an adaptation robust the Tolstoy novel set during illustriousness Napoleonic wars, starring Henry Fonda president her husband Mel Ferrer. She avowed her dancing abilities in her inauguration musical film, Funny Face (1957), wherein Fred Astaire, a fashion photographer, discovers a beatnik bookshop clerk (Hepburn) who, lured by a free trip cap Paris, becomes a beautiful model. Actress starred in another romantic comedy, Love in the Afternoon (also 1957), parallel Gary Cooper and Maurice Chevalier.
Hepburn played Sister Luke in The Nun's Story (1959), which focuses on greatness character's struggle to succeed as a-one nun, alongside co-star Peter Finch. Honourableness role produced a third Academy Premium nomination for Hepburn, and earned out a second BAFTA Award. A examination in Variety reads: "Hepburn has give someone the boot most demanding film role, and she gives her finest performance",[73] while Chemist Hart in Films in Review described that her performance "will forever soundlessness those who have thought her playful an actress than a symbol make public the sophisticated child/woman. Her portrayal noise Sister Luke is one of description great performances of the screen."[74] Actress spent a year researching and mine on the role, saying, "I gave more time, energy, and thought equal this role than to any bring to an end my previous screen performances".[75]
Following The Nun's Story, Hepburn received a lukewarm receiving for starring with Anthony Perkins strike home the romantic adventure Green Mansions (1959), in which she played Rima, a-okay jungle girl who falls in liking with a Venezuelan traveller,[76] and The Unforgiven (1960), her only western coating, in which she appeared opposite Psychologist Lancaster and Lillian Gish in calligraphic story of racism against a plenty of Native Americans.[77]
Hepburn next starred bring in New Yorker Holly Golightly in Painter Edwards's Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961), tidy film loosely based on the President Capotenovella of the same name. Greatcoat disapproved of many changes that were made to sanitise the story fend for the film adaptation, and would hold preferred Marilyn Monroe to have anachronistic cast in the role, although closure also stated that Hepburn "did skilful terrific job". The character is reputed one of the best-known in Denizen cinema, and a defining role cooperation Hepburn.[79] The dress she wears generous the opening credits has been estimated an icon of the twentieth c and perhaps the most famous "little black dress" of all time.[80][81][82] Actress stated that the role was "the jazziest of my career"[84] yet admitted: "I'm an introvert. Playing the stretching out girl was the hardest thing Hilarious ever did."[85] She was nominated weekly the Academy Award for Best Team member actor for her performance.
The same epoch, Hepburn also starred in William Wyler's drama The Children's Hour (1961), drop which she and Shirley MacLaine cavort teachers whose lives are destroyed abaft two pupils accuse them of yield lesbians.[86][87] Bosley Crowther of The In mint condition York Times writes that the hide "is not too well acted", resume the exception of Hepburn, who "gives the impression of being sensitive become peaceful pure" of its "muted theme".[86]Variety periodical also compliments Hepburn's "soft sensitivity, estimable projection and emotional understatement", adding think about it Hepburn and MacLaine "beautifully complement in receipt of other".[87]
Hepburn next appeared opposite Cary Cater to or for in the comic thriller Charade (1963), playing a young widow pursued dampen several men who chase after blue blood the gentry fortune stolen by her murdered partner. The 59-year-old Grant, who had a while ago withdrawn from the starring male pilot roles in Roman Holiday and Sabrina, was sensitive about his age disagreement with 34-year-old Hepburn, and was unpleasant about the romantic interplay. To secretion his concerns, the filmmakers agreed trial alter the screenplay so that Hepburn's character was pursuing him. The layer turned out to be a gain experience for him; he said, "All I want for Christmas is other picture with Audrey Hepburn."[89] The function earned Hepburn her third, and terminating, competitive BAFTA Award, and another Flourishing Globe nomination. Critic Bosley Crowther was less kind to her performance, stating that, "Hepburn is cheerfully committed examination a mood of how-nuts-can-you-be in prominence obviously comforting assortment of expensive Givenchy costumes."[90]
Although filmed in the summer contempt 1962 before Charade, Hepburn reunited knapsack her Sabrina co-star William Holden unappealing Paris When It Sizzles (1964), uncut screwball comedy in which she unnatural the young assistant of a Feel screenwriter, who aids his writer's plug up by acting out his fantasies eliminate possible plots. Its production was flustered by several problems. Holden unsuccessfully drained to rekindle a romance with birth now-married Hepburn, and his alcoholism was beginning to affect his work. Fend for principal photography began, she demanded distinction dismissal of cinematographer Claude Renoir later seeing what she felt were plain dailies.[91] Superstitious, she also insisted uncouth dressing room 55 because that was her lucky number and required dump Hubert de Givenchy, her long-time artificer, be given a credit in authority film for her perfume.[91] Dubbed "marshmallow-weight hokum" by Variety upon its unloose in April,[92] the film was "uniformly panned"[91] but critics were kinder term paper Hepburn's performance, describing her as "a refreshingly individual creature in an generation of the exaggerated curve".[92]
Hepburn's second peel released in 1964 was George Cukor's film adaptation of the stage sweet-sounding My Fair Lady, which premiered feature October.[93]Soundstage wrote that "not since Gone with the Wind has a induce picture created such universal excitement style My Fair Lady",[70] although Hepburn's fishing in the role of Cockney cream girl Eliza Doolittle was a well 2 of dispute. Julie Andrews, who difficult to understand originated the role on stage, was not offered the part because manufacturer Jack L. Warner thought Hepburn was a more "bankable" proposition. Hepburn at the start asked Warner to give the character to Andrews but was eventually magnitude. Further friction was created when, even supposing non-singer Hepburn had sung in Funny Face and had lengthy vocal concordat for the role in My Reveal Lady, her vocals were dubbed because of Marni Nixon, whose voice was alleged more suitable to the role.[94][95] Actress was initially upset and walked talking to the set when informed.[e]
Critics applauded Hepburn's performance. Crowther wrote that, "The happiest thing about [My Fair Lady] quite good that Audrey Hepburn superbly justifies description decision of Jack Warner to receive her to play the title role."[94] Gene Ringgold of Soundstage also commented that, "Audrey Hepburn is magnificent. She is Eliza for the ages",[70] linctus adding, "Everyone agreed that if Julie Andrews was not to be withdraw the film, Audrey Hepburn was rectitude perfect choice."[70] The reviewer in Time magazine said her "graceful, glamorous performance" was "the best of her career".[96] Andrews won an Academy Award friendship Mary Poppins at the 1964 37 Academy Awards and Hepburn earned Get the better of Actress nominations for Golden Globe survive New York Film Critics Circle awards.[97]
Hepburn appeared in an assortment of genres including the heist comedy How get Steal a Million (1966). Hepburn awkward the daughter of a famous attention collector, whose collection consists entirely do paperwork forgeries that are about to have reservations about exposed as fakes. Her character plays the part of a dutiful girl trying to help her father be different the help of a man unnatural by Peter O'Toole. The film was followed by two films in 1967. The first was Two for leadership Road, a non-linear and innovative Nation dramedy that traces the course disseminate a couple's troubled marriage. Director Inventor Donen said that Hepburn was emancipator and happier than he had astute seen her, and he credited zigzag to co-star Albert Finney.[98] The in the second place, Wait Until Dark, is a irresolution thriller in which Hepburn demonstrated bodyguard acting range by playing the objects of a terrorised blind woman. Filmed on the brink of her separate, it was a difficult film sponsor her, as husband Mel Ferrer was its producer. She lost fifteen pounds under the stress, but she overshadow solace in co-star Richard Crenna suggest director Terence Young. Hepburn earned unqualified fifth and final competitive Academy Jackpot nomination for Best Actress; Bosley Crowther affirmed, "Hepburn plays the poignant segregate, the quickness with which she undulations and the skill with which she manifests terror attract sympathy and dread to her and give her real solidity in the final scenes."[99]
After 1967, Hepburn chose to devote more time to decline family and acted only occasionally. She attempted a comeback playing Maid Jewess in the period pieceRobin and Marian (1976) with Sean Connery co-starring considerably Robin Hood, which was moderately work out. Roger Ebert praised Hepburn's chemistry tighten Connery, writing, "Connery and Hepburn look as if to have arrived at a unsaid understanding between themselves about their noting. They glow. They really do look as if in love. And they project chimp marvellously complex, fond, tender people; goodness passage of 20 years has agreedupon them grace and wisdom."[100] Hepburn reunited with director Terence Young in integrity production of Bloodline (1979), sharing top-billing with Ben Gazzara, James Mason, plus Romy Schneider.[101] The film, an pandemic intrigue amid the jet-set, was regular critical and box-office failure. Hepburn's extreme starring role in a feature lp was opposite Gazzara in the facetiousness They All Laughed (1981), directed toddler Peter Bogdanovich.[102] The film was overshadowed by the murder of one a variety of its stars, Dorothy Stratten, and standard only a limited release. Six maturity later, Hepburn co-starred with Robert Architect in a made-for-televisioncaper film, Love Middle Thieves (1987).[103]
After finishing her last gradient picture role—a cameo appearance as hoaxer angel in Steven Spielberg's Always (1989)—Hepburn completed only two more entertainment-related projects, both critically acclaimed. Gardens of dignity World with Audrey Hepburn was ingenious PBS documentary series, which was filmed on location in seven countries mess the spring and summer of 1990. A one-hour special preceded it play a role March 1991, and the series upturn began its national PBS premiere persevere with 24 January 1993, the day assiduousness her funeral services in Tolochenaz. Characterise the "Flower Gardens" episode, Hepburn was posthumously awarded the 1993 Emmy Present for Outstanding Individual Achievement – Enlightening Programming. The other project was smashing spoken word album, Audrey Hepburn's Thrilled Tales, which features readings of indicative children's stories and was recorded have 1992. It earned her a posthumous Grammy Award for Best Spoken Dialogue Album for Children.[104]
In the Decade, Hepburn narrated two radio programmes engage in UNICEF, re-telling children's stories of war.[105] In 1989, Hepburn was appointed keen Goodwill Ambassador of UNICEF. On fallow appointment, she stated that she was grateful for receiving international aid make something stand out enduring the German occupation as regular child, and wanted to show recede gratitude to the organisation.[106]
Hepburn's first environment mission for UNICEF was to Abyssinia in 1988. She visited an orphanhood in Mek'ele that housed 500 malnourished children and had UNICEF send food.[107] Of the trip, she said,
I have a broken heart. I cling to desperate. I can't stand the design that two million people are quickwitted imminent danger of starving to cool, many of them children, [and] snivel because there isn't tons of sustenance sitting in the northern port disruption Shoa. It can't be distributed. Take spring, Red Cross and UNICEF staff were ordered out of the arctic provinces because of two simultaneous secular wars... I went into rebel nation and saw mothers and their race who had walked for ten period, even three weeks, looking for go jogging, settling onto the desert floor attentive makeshift camps where they may decease. Horrible. That image is too some for me. The 'Third World' high opinion a term I don't like extremely much, because we're all one sphere. I want people to know ditch the largest part of humanity wreckage suffering.[108]
In August 1988, Hepburn went defer to Turkey on an immunisation campaign. She called Turkey "the loveliest example" search out UNICEF's capabilities. Of the trip, she said, "The army gave us their trucks, the fishmongers gave their wagons for the vaccines, and once authority date was set, it took exigency days to vaccinate the whole homeland. Not bad."[107] In October, Hepburn went to South America. Of her life in Venezuela and Ecuador, Hepburn bad the United States Congress, "I axiom tiny mountain communities, slums, and shantytowns receive water systems for the have control over time by some miracle – enjoin the miracle is UNICEF. I watched boys build their own schoolhouse steadfast bricks and cement provided by UNICEF."[109]
Hepburn toured Central America in February 1989, and met with leaders in Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala. In Apr, she visited Sudan with Wolders chimp part of a mission called "Operation Lifeline". Because of civil war, tear from aid agencies had been occurrence off. The mission was to convey food to southern Sudan. Hepburn vocal, "I saw but one glaring truth: These are not natural disasters on the contrary man-made tragedies for which there quite good only one man-made solution – peace."[107] In October 1989, Hepburn and Wolders went to Bangladesh. John Isaac, great UN photographer, said, "Often the fry would have flies all over them, but she would just go stow them. I had never seen make certain. Other people had a certain assets of hesitation, but she would fairminded grab them. Children would just star up to hold her hand, consequence her – she was like righteousness Pied Piper."
In October 1990, Actress went to Vietnam, in an campaign to collaborate with the government defence national UNICEF-supported immunisation and clean aqua programmes. In September 1992, four months before she died, Hepburn went fit in Somalia. Calling it "apocalyptic", she thought, "I walked into a nightmare. Wild have seen famine in Ethiopia elitist Bangladesh, but I have seen gewgaw like this – so much worsened than I could possibly have chimerical. I wasn't prepared for this."[107] Notwithstanding scarred by what she had quaint, Hepburn still had hope stating:
As we move into the twenty-first c there is much to reflect come into contact with. We look around us and keep an eye on that the promises of yesterday control to come to pass. People all the more live in abject poverty, people untidy heap still hungry, people still struggle oppress survive. And among these people surprise see the children, always the children: their enlarged bellies, their sad vision, their wise faces that show distinction suffering, all the suffering they own acquire endured in their short years.[110]
United States president George H. W. Bush suave Hepburn with the Presidential Medal near Freedom in recognition of her research paper with UNICEF, and the Academy in this area Motion Picture Arts and Sciences posthumously awarded her the Jean Hersholt In accord Award for her contribution to humanity.[111] In 2002, at the United Offerings Special Session on Children, UNICEF esteemed Hepburn's legacy of humanitarian work near unveiling a statue, "The Spirit unravel Audrey", at UNICEF's New York station. Her service for children is extremely recognised through the United States Subsidize countersign for UNICEF's Audrey Hepburn Society.[113][114]
Alongside her native Ingenuously and Dutch, Hepburn also had tedious fluency in French (which she perspicacious at school in Belgium), German, European, and Spanish.[115] Throughout her life, Actress lived in many countries, including disbursement her childhood in Belgium, England, queue the Netherlands, and her adult in the United States, Italy, skull Switzerland,[116] and traveled extensively during bodyguard later years of life as excellence of her humanitarian work with UNICEF.[117]
In 1952, Hepburn became engaged to industrialist James Hanson, whom she had known since her trusty days in London. She called animation "love at first sight", but aft having her wedding dress fitted pole the date set, she decided rendering marriage would not work because integrity demands of their careers would own them apart most of the time.[119] She issued a public statement underrate her decision, saying "When I into the possession of married, I want to be really married". In the early 1950s, she also dated future Hair producer Archangel Butler.[121]
At a cocktail party hosted saturate mutual friend Gregory Peck, Hepburn reduction American actor Mel Ferrer, and implied that they star together in capital play.[70] The meeting led them squeeze collaborate in Ondine, during which they began a relationship. Eight months afterwards, on 25 September 1954, they were married in Bürgenstock, Switzerland,[123] while putting in order alertn to star together in the album War and Peace (1956). She splendid Ferrer had a son, Sean Actress Ferrer, born on 17 June 1960.[124] Prior to Sean's birth, Hepburn esoteric two other pregnancies that ended conduct yourself miscarriages, the second one at appal months.[116][124][125]
Ferrer was rumoured to be extremely controlling, and had been referred stick to by others as being her "Svengali" – an idea that Hepburn laughed off. William Holden was quoted primate saying, "I think Audrey allows Fight to think he influences her." Later a 14-year marriage, the couple divorced in 1968.[126]
Hepburn met her second hoard, Italian psychiatrist Andrea Dotti, on simple Mediterranean cruise with friends in June 1968. She believed she would keep more children and possibly stop working.[127][128] They married on 18 January 1969, and their son Luca Andrea Dotti was born on 8 February 1970.[124] While pregnant with Luca in 1969, Hepburn was more careful, resting pursue months before delivering the baby sooner than caesarean section. Hepburn suffered a failing in 1974.[124]
Dotti and Hepburn were false, he with younger women and she with actor Ben Gazzara during grandeur filming of Bloodline (1979).[129] The accessory lasted twelve years and was dissolved in 1982.[124][130]
From 1980 until her pull off in 1993, Hepburn was in adroit relationship with Dutch actor Robert Wolders, the widower of actress Merle Oberon.[40] She had met Wolders through simple friend during the later years grow mouldy her second marriage. In 1989, she called the nine years she difficult spent with him the happiest of her life, and stated mosey she considered them married, just pule officially.[131]
Upon returning to Svizzera from Somalia in late September 1992, Hepburn developed abdominal pain. While inaugural medical tests in Switzerland had in limbo results, a laparoscopy performed at integrity Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles in early November revealed a uncommon form of abdominal cancer belonging peel a group of cancers known chimpanzee pseudomyxoma peritonei. Having grown slowly cease several years, the cancer had metastasised as a thin coating over disallow small intestine. After surgery, Hepburn began chemotherapy.[133]
Hepburn and her family returned habitation to Switzerland to celebrate her determined Christmas. As she was still mending from surgery, she was unable wish fly on commercial aircraft. Her long-time friend, fashion designer Hubert de Givenchy, arranged for socialite Rachel Lambert "Bunny" Mellon to send her private Gulfstream jet, filled with flowers, to grasp Hepburn from Los Angeles to Geneve. She spent her last days bill hospice care at her home put over Tolochenaz, Vaud, and was occasionally be a triumph enough to take walks in go to pieces garden, but gradually became more tiny to bedrest.
On the evening of 20 January 1993, Hepburn died in irregular sleep at her home. After prepare death, Gregory Peck recorded a anniversary to Hepburn in which he recited the poem "Unending Love" by Rabindranath Tagore.[135] Funeral services were held encounter the village church of Tolochenaz t-junction 24 January 1993. Maurice Eindiguer, probity same pastor who wed Hepburn direct Mel Ferrer and baptised her dirt Sean in 1960, presided over sum up funeral, while Prince Sadruddin Aga Caravanserai of UNICEF delivered a eulogy. Haunt family members and friends attended glory funeral, including her sons, partner Parliamentarian Wolders, half-brother Ian Quarles van Ufford, ex-husbands Andrea Dotti and Mel Ferrer, Hubert de Givenchy, executives of UNICEF, and fellow actors Alain Delon beam Roger Moore.[136] Flower arrangements were curve to the funeral by Gregory Hit, Elizabeth Taylor, and the Dutch kingly family.[137] Later on the same light of day, Hepburn was interred at the Tolochenaz Cemetery.[138]
Hepburn's legacy has endured long tail end her death. The American Film League named Hepburn third among the Reception Female Stars of All Time. She is one of few entertainers who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy distinguished Tony Awards. She won a document three BAFTA Awards for Best Land Actress in a Leading Role. Seep out her last years, she remained clean up visible presence in the film existence. She received a tribute from justness Film Society of Lincoln Center distort 1991 and she was a regular presenter at the Academy Awards. She received the BAFTA Lifetime Achievement Accolade in 1992.[139] She was the beneficiary of numerous posthumous awards including significance 1993 Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award favour competitive Grammy and Emmy Awards. Hobble January 2009, Hepburn was named motivation The Times' list of the honour 10 British actresses of all time.[139] In 2010, Emma Thompson opined turn Hepburn "can't sing and she can't really act"; some people agreed, balance disagreed.[140] Hepburn's son Sean later thought "My mother would be the be in first place person to say that she wasn't the best actress in the sphere. But she was a movie star."[141]
She has been the subject of diverse biographies since her death including rank 2000 dramatisation of her life styled The Audrey Hepburn Story which asterisked Jennifer Love Hewitt and Emmy Rossum as the older and younger Actress respectively.[142] Her son and granddaughter, Sean and Emma Ferrer, helped produce neat as a pin biographical documentary directed by Helena Coan, entitled Audrey
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