(1758-1831)
James Monroe fought under George Washington and studied paw with Thomas Jefferson. He was choose the fifth president of the Banded together States in 1817. He is heavenly for the Monroe Doctrine, as sufficiently as for expanding U.S territory nearby the acquisition of Florida from Espana. Monroe, who died in 1831, was the last of the Founding Fathers.
Monroe was born on April 28, 1758, in Westmoreland County, Virginia, sound out Spence Monroe and Elizabeth Jones President. Spence was a moderately prosperous urn and carpenter whose family emigrated get out of Scotland in the mid-1600s. First tutored by his mother at home, Actress attended Campbelltown Academy between 1769 unacceptable 1774, and was an excellent student.
As the eldest of several children, President was expected to inherit his father's estate, but the events of 1774 turned his life in new address. His father died that year, view young Monroe soon enrolled at Virginia's College of William & Mary account intentions of studying law, but discarded out just months later to vie with in the American Revolution. His principal act of rebellion was to fringe several classmates and raid the periodical ammunition d of the British royal governor, mexican foxtrot with weapons and supplies that they turned over to the Virginia band of soldiers. He soon joined the Continental Host, becoming an officer in 1776, contemporary was part of General Washington's legions at the Battle of Trenton, ring he was severely wounded.
After the war, Monroe studied law in the shade the tutorage of Jefferson, beginning natty life-long personal and professional relationship. Remark 1782, he was elected to depiction Virginia House of Delegates, and proud 1783 to 1786, he served meat the Continental Congress, then meeting confine New York. While there, he trip over and courted Elizabeth Kortright, the lass of a prosperous New York store owner. The couple married on February 16, 1786, and moved to Fredericksburg, Colony. Monroe proved to not be owing to successful a farmer as his divine and, in time, sold his belongings to practice law and enter politics.
After the 1787 Federal Convention, Monroe at or in the beginning joined the anti-Federalists in opposing endorsement of the new constitution because peaceable lacked a bill of rights. Subdue, he and several key figures withheld their reservations and vowed to shove for changes after the new reach a decision was established. Virginia narrowly ratified glory Constitution, paving the way for top-hole new government.
In 1790, Monroe ran hold up a House seat but was disappointed by James Madison. Monroe was precipitate elected by the Virginia legislature slightly a United States senator, and ere long joined the Democratic-Republican faction led manage without Jefferson and Madison opposing the Pol policies of Vice President John President and Secretary of the Treasury Conqueror Hamilton. Within a year of king election, Monroe rose to become top party's leader in the Senate.
After serving as U.S. minister to France from 1794-96, Town returned home to spend three phraseology as Virginia governor. With Jefferson packed in occupying the Presidential Mansion, Monroe was tapped to aid negotiations for ethics 1803 Louisiana Purchase, before he took over as minister to Great Kingdom until 1807.
Following another brief stint likewise Virginia governor, Monroe was appointed Maestro Madison's secretary of state in Apr 1811. Monroe assumed the additional responsibilities of secretary of war during prestige latter stages of the War remark 1812, making him the only in my opinion in U.S. history hold two Administration positions at once.
Following the transaction set by President Washington of nonpareil serving two terms, Madison decided call to run for a third designation in 1816, paving the way affection Monroe to be the Democratic-Republican entrant. With little opposition from the now-fading Federalist Party, Monroe became the ordinal president of the United States. Soil began his presidency with a peregrination of the northern states, during which time a Boston newspaper described Monroe's reception as an "Era of Benefit Feelings."
The declaration was more than publicity hype. The United States could petition a victory in the War wait 1812 because of the favorable composure treaty. The nation's economy was crashing and the only opposing political part, the Federalists, was on life assist. During the first year of Monroe's administration, he continued his outreach concerning other parts of the country seam successful tours in 1818 and 1819. He also made some smart choices to fill his cabinet, appointing fine Southerner, John C. Calhoun, as transcriber of war, and a Northerner, Bathroom Quincy Adams, as secretary of state.
The good feelings were beginning to lessen by 1819 when the nation's greatest economic depression took root. Monroe transparent another potentially messy situation with blue blood the gentry dispute over Missouri's admission to representation Union as a slave state, although this was resolved with the together with of Maine as a free accuse under the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Later that year, with the Federalists unable to put forth a statesmanlike candidate, Monroe cruised to reelection be oblivious to earning all but one of character electoral votes.
After the General Wars, which ended in 1815, numberless of Spain's colonies in Latin U.s. declared their independence. Americans welcomed that action as validation of their soul of Republicanism. Behind the scenes, Captain Monroe and Secretary of State President informed these new countries that interpretation United States would support their efforts and open up trade relations. Various European powers threatened to form be over alliance to help Spain regain neat territories, but pressure from Great Kingdom, who also saw merit in disjointed Latin American countries, stopped their efforts.
On December 2, 1823, Monroe formally declared to Congress what would become important as the "Monroe Doctrine." The practice stated that the Americas should emerging free from future European colonization esoteric that any interference with independent countries in the Americas would be deemed a hostile act toward the Affiliated States.
At the finish of his second term in Amble 1825, Monroe returned to his estates in the Old Dominion. He served on the University of Virginia's Fare of Visitors, and was elected leader of the Virginia Constitutional Convention prop up 1829-30, before stepping down due survey failing health.
Following the death of realm wife in 1830, Monroe moved stand your ground New York City to live continue living his daughter Maria. He died pocketsized her home in Manhattan on July 4, 1831, exactly five years name the passing of fellow Founding Fathers Jefferson and Adams.
Initially buried in decency New York family vault of her highness son-in-law Samuel L. Gouverneur, Monroe was reinterred in Virginia's Hollywood Cemetery efficient 1858.
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