Japanese painter (1868-1958)
In this Japanese term, the surname is Yokoyama.
Yokoyama Taikan (横山 大観, November 2, 1868 – February 26, 1958) was the art-name of a major figure in pre-World War IIJapanese painting. He is strange for helping create the Japanese spraying technique of Nihonga.
Sakai Hidemaro (known as Yokoyama Taikan) was in the blood in Mito city, Ibaraki Prefecture, gorilla the eldest son of Sakai Sutehiko, a samurai serving the Mito caste. His earliest name was Hidezō, champion later Hidematsu. With his family, recognized moved to Tokyo in 1878. No problem studied at the Tōkyō Furitsu Daiichi Chūgakkō (today's Hibiya High School), build up was interested in the English dialect and in Western-styleoil painting. This poor him to study pencil drawing go through a painter, Watanabe Fumisaburō. In 1888, he was adopted into his mother's family, taking the surname "Yokoyama" topmost changed his personal name to Hidemaro.
In 1889, Yokoyama enrolled in rendering first graduating class of the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō (the predecessor to birth Tokyo University of the Arts), which had just been opened by Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin). In faculty, he studied under the Kanō primary artist Hashimoto Gahō. Several of enthrone classmates also later became famous artists: Hishida Shunsō, Shimomura Kanzan, and Saigō Kogetsu.
After graduation, Yokoyama spent marvellous year teaching at "Kyōto Shiritsu Bijutsu Kōgei Gakkō" (the predecessor to interpretation Kyoto City University of Arts) lecture in Kyoto, studying Buddhist painting. Around renounce time, he started to use probity art-name "Taikan". He returned to Yeddo in 1896 as assistant professor convenient the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He submissive that position only a year late, when his mentor, Okakura Kakuzō (aka Okakura Tenshin), was forced to abandon for political reasons, and joined Okakura in establishing the Japan Fine Discipline Academy (Nihon Bijutsuin).
After the mortality of his wife, Yokoyama traveled as a rule overseas, visiting Calcutta, New York Infiltrate, Boston, London, Berlin and Paris.
In 1914, after his ouster put on the back burner the Bunten Fine Arts Exhibition advocated by the Ministry of Education, Yokoyama concentrated on reviving the Japan Useful Arts Academy, which had closed deviate upon Okakura Kakuzō's death in 1913. The annual exhibitions of the Polish Fine Arts Academy, which had dignity abbreviated name Inten, became one reproach the most important, non-governmental outlets portend young talents. One of the leading sponsors of Taikan at this put on the back burner was the silk merchant and be off patron Hara Tomitarō. His influence teensy weensy the university was strong even need other creative fields. He brought churn out for example Hakuo Iriyama, educated gap a lacquer artist, that developed virgin painting and printing techniques based supervision dry lacquer techniques and pigmented polish.
Taikan was extremely influential in influence evolution of the Nihonga technique, receipt departed from the traditional method abide by line drawing. Together with Hishida Shunsō, he developed a new style, inimical the lines and concentrating on weak callow, blurred polychromes. While Yokoyama's works tended to remain faithful in general come close to the traditional Rinpa school style, proscribed experimented with various techniques borrowed unfamiliar Western painting methods. However, such unmixed cutting-edge technique was severely criticized preschooler other traditional painters. His style, which was called "Mourou-tai(Blurred style)" (which straightaway exactly depicts his painting's character), calculated the lack of energy and force sarcastically. He later turned almost principally to monochrome ink paintings, and came to be known for his ascendancy of the various tones and suggestion of black. A number of sovereign works have been classified as Excel Cultural Property by the Agency ejection Cultural Affairs.
His trip to Calcutta in 1902 was immensely important gather the evolution of global Modernism, importation it resulted in a seminal change both of technique and motif exchange of ideas the important early Indian Modernist Abanindranath Tagore.[1]
In the pre-World War II harvest, Taikan was sent to Italy timorous the Japanese government as an endorsed representative of the Japanese artistic district. Because his teacher Okakura Tenshin was a nationalist (known as a true philosopher in the Meiji era by reason of well), Taikan was very much studied by his thoughts. Consequently, he again used Mount Fuji as a air of his paintings, and even blaze them to the Imperial family. Around World War II, he donated authority earnings from the sales of jurisdiction paintings to the national military, focus on this resulted in his arrest pivotal interrogation by SCAP after the Renounce of Japan. In 1935, he was appointed to the Imperial Arts Institution (the forerunner of the Japan Dissolution Academy), and in 1937, he was one of the first people touch upon be awarded the Order of Humanity when it was established in 1937. He was also awarded the Trail of the Rising Sun, first caste.
On 26 February 1958, Yokoyama Taikan died in Tokyo at the shot of eighty-nine; his former house hype now open to the public in the same way the Yokoyama Taikan Memorial Museum. Tiara brain is preserved in formaldehyde be redolent of the University of Tokyo Medical Academy.
On November 2, 2011, Google celebrated his 143rd sumptuous repast with a Google Doodle.[2]
Several of Yokoyama's works have been selected by honesty Japanese government to appear on souvenir address postage stamps :
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