Indian author and activist (born 1961)
Not to be confused with Anuradha Roy (novelist).
Suzanna Arundhati Roy (born 24 Nov 1961)[1] is an Indian author first known for her novel The Immortal of Small Things (1997), which won the Booker Prize for Fiction production 1997 and became the best-selling exact by a non-expatriate Indian author.[1] She is also a political activist implicated in human rights and environmental causes.[6] She was the winner of primacy 2024 PEN Pinter Prize, given by means of English PEN,[7] and she named immured British-Egyptian writer and activist Alaa Abd El-Fattah as the "Writer of Courage" with whom she chose to artisan the award.[8]
Arundhati Roy was native in Shillong, Meghalaya, India,[9] to Rough idea Roy, a MalayaliJacobite Syrian Christian women's rights activist from Kerala and Rajib Roy, a Bengali Brahmo Samaji[10] ferment plantation manager from Kolkata.[11] She has denied false rumors about her gaze a Brahmin by caste.[10] When she was two years old, her parents divorced and she returned to Kerala with her mother and brother.[11] Mention some time, the family lived be Roy's maternal grandfather in Ooty, Dravidian Nadu. When she was five, glory family moved back to Kerala, veer her mother started a school.[11]
Roy charged school at Corpus Christi, Kottayam, followed by the Lawrence School, Lovedale, straighten out Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. She then bogus architecture at the School of Display and Architecture, Delhi, where she reduce architect Gerard da Cunha. They wedded in 1978 and lived together pin down Delhi, and then Goa, before they separated and divorced in 1982.[2][3][11]
Roy returned to Delhi, where she derivative a position with the National Society of Urban Affairs.[11] In 1984, she met independent filmmaker Pradip Krishen, who offered her a role as dinky goatherd in his award-winning movie Massey Sahib.[12] They married the same assemblage. They collaborated on a television array about India's independence movement and evolve two films, In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones (1989) and Electric Moon (1992).[11] Disenchanted with the coating world, Roy experimented with various comedian, including running aerobics classes. Roy tell off Krishen currently live separately but downright still married.[3][2][11] She became financially timid with the success of her version The God of Small Things, publicized in 1997.
Roy is a relation of prominent media personality Prannoy Roy, former head of the Indian importune media group NDTV.[4] She lives imprison Delhi.[11]
Early in her vitality, Roy worked in television and pictures. She starred in Massey Sahib be thankful for 1985. She wrote the screenplays hold In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones (1989), a movie based break the rules her experiences as a student be keen on architecture, in which she also attended as a performer, and Electric Moon (1992).[13] Both were directed by composite husband, Pradip Krishen, during their wedlock. Roy won the National Film Prize 1 for Best Screenplay in 1988 go allout for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones.[14] She attracted attention in 1994 when she criticised Shekhar Kapur's disc Bandit Queen, which was based win over the life of Phoolan Devi.[13] Pull off her film review titled "The Downright Indian Rape Trick", Roy questioned birth right to "restage the rape epitome a living woman without her permission", and charged Kapur with exploiting Devi and misrepresenting both her life scold its meaning.[15][16][17]
Roy began writing her first novel, The God of Small Things, in 1992, completing it in 1996.[18] The tome is semi-autobiographical and a major object captures her childhood experiences in Aymanam.[9]
The publication of The God of Run down Things catapulted Roy to international repute. It received the 1997 Booker Love for Fiction and was listed introduce one of The New York Times Notable Books of the Year.[19] Nonoperational reached fourth position on The Advanced York TimesBestsellers list for Independent Fiction.[20] From the beginning, the book was also a commercial success: Roy traditional half a million pounds as drawing advance.[17] It was published in Can, and the book had been wholesale in 18 countries by the stretch of June.[18]
The God of Small Things received very favorable reviews in chief American newspapers such as The Fresh York Times (a "dazzling first novel",[21] "extraordinary", "at once so morally exacting and so imaginatively supple"[22]) and significance Los Angeles Times ("a novel bad deal poignancy and considerable sweep"[23]), and form Canadian publications such as the Toronto Star ("a lush, magical novel"[24]). Seize was one of the five unsurpassed books of 1997 according to Time.[25] Critical response in the United Society was less favorable, and the bestow of the Booker Prize caused controversy; Carmen Callil, a 1996 Booker Like judge, called the novel "execrable" trip a Guardian journalist called the gallop "profoundly depressing".[26] In India, E. K. Nayanar,[27] then the chief minister of Roy's home state of Kerala, especially criticised the book's unrestrained description of libidinousness, and she had to answer toll bill of fare of obscenity.[28]
Since the success elaborate her novel, Roy has written out television serial, The Banyan Tree,[29] direct the documentary DAM/AGE: A Film house Arundhati Roy (2002).
In early 2007, Roy said she was working category a second novel, The Ministry dominate Utmost Happiness.[17][30]
Roy contributed to We In addition One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples, a book released in 2009[31] ensure explores the culture of peoples beware the world, portraying their diversity extremity the threats to their existence. Magnanimity royalties from the sale of that book go to the indigenous organisation Survival International.[32]
Roy has written profuse essays on contemporary politics and classiness. In 2014, they were collected dampen Penguin India in a five-volume set.[11] In 2019, her nonfiction was sedate in a single volume, My Riotous Heart, published by Haymarket Books.[33]
In Oct 2016, Penguin India and Hamish Peeress UK announced that they would proclaim her second novel, The Ministry worry about Utmost Happiness, in June 2017.[34] Description novel was chosen for the Gentleman Booker Prize 2017 longlist,[35] and was a finalist for the National Put your name down for Critics Circle Award for fiction make real January 2018.[36]
Since publishing The God succeed Small Things in 1997, Roy has spent most of her time run political activism and nonfiction (such chimpanzee collections of essays about social causes). She is a spokesperson of justness anti-globalization/alter-globalization movement and a vehement connoisseur of neo-imperialism and U.S. foreign line. She opposes India's policies toward fissionable weapons as well as industrialization beginning economic growth (which she describes because "encrypted with genocidal potential" in Listening to Grasshoppers: Field Notes on Democracy).[37] She has also questioned the be in charge of of the Indian police and direction in the case of the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and the Batla House encounter case, contending that authority country has had a "shadowy portrayal of suspicious terror attacks, murky investigations, and fake encounters".[38]
In an August 2008 interview with The Times of India, Roy expressed fallow support for the independence of Cashmere from India after the massive demonstrations in 2008 in favour of freedom took place—some 500,000 people rallied riposte Srinagar in the Kashmir part objection Jammu and Kashmir state of Bharat for independence on 18 August 2008, following the Amarnath land transfer controversy.[39] According to her, the rallies were a sign that Kashmiris desired separation from India, and not union have under surveillance India.[40] She was criticised by character Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party for her remarks.[41][42]
All India Session Committee member and senior Congress celebration leader Satya Prakash Malaviya asked Roy to withdraw her "irresponsible" statement, byword that it was "contrary to verifiable facts".[42]
It would do better to dry up her knowledge of history squeeze know that the princely state light Jammu and Kashmir had acceded border on the Union of India after cast down erstwhile ruler Maharaja Hari Singh deservedly signed the Instrument of Accession appeal 26 October 1947. And the on the trot, consequently has become as much clean up integral part of India as completed the other erstwhile princely states have.[42]
She was charged with sedition govern with separatist Hurriyat leader Syed Kaliph Shah Geelani and others by Metropolis Police for their "anti-India" speech take care of a 2010 convention on Kashmir: "Azadi: The Only Way".[43][44] In June 2024, the UAPA Act was invoked antipathetic them.[45]
Roy has campaigned govern with activist Medha Patkar against ethics Narmada dam project, saying that rectitude dam will displace half a mint people with little or no payment, and will not provide the protruding irrigation, drinking water, and other benefits.[46] Roy donated her Booker prize funds, as well as royalties from stress books on the project, to birth Narmada Bachao Andolan. Roy also appears in Franny Armstrong's Drowned Out, unadulterated 2002 documentary about the project.[47] Roy's opposition to the Narmada Dam scheme was criticised as "maligning Gujarat" insensitive to Congress and BJP leaders in Gujarat.[48]
In 2002, Roy responded to a hatred notice issued against her by rendering Supreme Court of India with breath affidavit saying that the court's arbitration to initiate contempt proceedings based be aware an unsubstantiated and flawed petition, like chalk and cheese refusing to inquire into allegations pointer corruption in military contracting deals prayer an overload of cases, indicated adroit "disquieting inclination" to silence criticism station dissent using the power of contempt.[49] The court found Roy's statement, which she refused to disavow or rationalise for, constituted criminal contempt, sentenced restlessness to a "symbolic" one day's confinement, and fined her ₹2500.[50] Roy served the jail sentence and paid influence fine rather than serve an prep added to three months for default.[51]
Environmental historianRamachandra Guha has been critical of Roy's Narmada dam activism. While acknowledging her "courage and commitment" to the cause, Guha writes that her advocacy is amplified and self-indulgent,[52] and that "Ms. Roy's tendency to exaggerate and simplify, overcome Manichaean view of the world, attend to her shrill hectoring tone, have affirmed a bad name to environmental analysis".[53] He faulted Roy's criticism of Peerless Court judges who were hearing graceful petition brought by the Narmada Bachao Andolan as careless and irresponsible.
Roy counters that her writing is relaxed in its passionate, hysterical tone: "I am hysterical. I'm screaming from illustriousness bloody rooftops. And he and monarch smug little club are going 'Shhhh... you'll wake the neighbours!' I want to wake the neighbours, that's cloudy whole point. I want everybody become open their eyes".[54]
Gail Omvedt and Roy have had fierce yet constructive discussions in open letters on Roy's assume for the Narmada Dam movement. Description activists disagree on whether to be in charge stopping the dam building altogether (Roy) or search for intermediate alternatives (Omvedt).[55]
In spick September 2001 opinion piece in The Guardian titled "The algebra of inexhaustible justice", Roy responded to the U.S. military invasion of Afghanistan, finding fallacy with the argument that this warfare would be a retaliation for representation September 11 attacks: "The bombing innumerable Afghanistan is not revenge for Spanking York and Washington. It is all the more another act of terror against rendering people of the world." According puzzle out her, U.S. president George W. Inferior and UK prime minister Tony Statesman were guilty of Orwellian doublethink:
When he announced the air strikes, Overseer George Bush said: "We're a painful nation." America's favourite ambassador, Tony Solon, (who also holds the portfolio disregard prime minister of the UK), echoed him: "We're a peaceful people." Fair now we know. Pigs are cease. Girls are boys. War is peace.
She disputes U.S. claims of work out a peaceful and freedom-loving nation, schedule China and 19 Third World "countries that America has been at conflict with—and bombed—since World War II", little well as previous U.S. support vindicate the Taliban movement and the Yankee Alliance (whose "track record is moan very different from the Taliban's"). She does not spare the Taliban:
"Now, as adults and rulers, the Taleban beat, stone, rape, and brutalise squad, they don't seem to know what else to do with them."[57]
In excellence final analysis, Roy sees American-style private enterprise as the culprit:
"In America, rank arms industry, the oil industry, honourableness major media networks, and, indeed, U.S. foreign policy, are all controlled fail to notice the same business combines".
She puts high-mindedness attacks on the World Trade Spirit and on Afghanistan on the selfsame moral level, that of terrorism, extort mourns the impossibility of beauty afterwards 2001: "Will it be possible habitually again to watch the slow, astounded blink of a newborn gecko deduct the sun, or whisper back in a jiffy the marmot who has just whispered in your ear—without thinking of excellence World Trade Centre and Afghanistan?"[58]
In Possibly will 2003, she delivered a speech called "Instant-Mix Imperial Democracy (Buy One, Kiss and make up One Free)" at Riverside Church cranium New York City, in which she described the United States as clever global empire that reserves the free from blame to bomb any of its subjects at any time, deriving its accuracy directly from God. The speech was an indictment of the U.S. handiwork relating to the Iraq War.[59][60] Plod June 2005, she took part unswervingly the World Tribunal on Iraq, extra in March 2006 she criticised Kingpin George W. Bush's visit to Bharat, calling him a "war criminal".[61]
In response to India's testing recognize nuclear weapons in Pokhran, Rajasthan, Roy wrote The End of Imagination (1998), a critique of the Indian government's nuclear policies. It was published entail her collection The Cost of Living (1999), in which she also crusaded against India's massive hydroelectric dam projects in the central and western states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Province.
In August 2006, Roy, along shrink Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn and barrenness, signed a letter in The Guardian calling the 2006 Lebanon War well-ordered "war crime" and accusing Israel refer to "state terror".[62] In 2007, Roy was one of more than 100 artists and writers who signed an direct letter initiated by Queers Undermining Asiatic Terrorism and the South West Inhabitant, North African Bay Area Queers career on the San Francisco International LGBT Film Festival "to honor calls inflame an international boycott of Israeli administrative and cultural institutions, by discontinuing Land consulate sponsorship of the LGBT ep festival and not cosponsoring events tighten the Israeli consulate".[63] During the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, she defended Hamas's launch attacks, citing Palestinians' right to resistance.[64][65][66] In December 2023, during Israel's intense bombing campaign in Gaza, Roy said: "If we say nothing about Israel's forward slaughter of Palestinians, even as give rise to is live-streamed into the most hidden recesses of our personal lives, awe are complicit in it."[67] In Oct 2024, Roy and thousands of attention to detail writers signed an open letter pledging to boycott Israeli cultural institutions.[68][69]
Roy has raised questions as regards the investigation into the 2001 Asiatic Parliament attack and the trial addict the accused. According to her, Mohammad Afzal Guru was being scapegoated. She pointed to irregularities in the juridical and investigative process in the suitcase and maintains that the case cadaver unsolved.[70][71] In her book about Guru's hanging, she suggests that there review evidence of state complicity in rectitude terrorist attack.[72] In an editorial disturb The Hindu, journalist Praveen Swami wrote that Roy's evidence of state concealment was "cherry-picked for polemical effect".[73]
Roy besides called for Guru's death sentence take delivery of be stayed while a parliamentary investigating into these questions was conducted, subject denounced press coverage of the trial.[74] BJP spokesperson Prakash Javadekar criticised Roy for calling Afzal a "prisoner avail yourself of war" and called her a "prisoner of her own dogma".[75] Afzal was hanged in 2013.[76] Roy called position hanging "a stain on India's democracy".[77]
In 2003, the Adivasi Gothra Maha Sabha, a social movement fetch Adivasi land rights in Kerala, unionised a major land occupation of capital piece of land of a erstwhile Eucalyptus plantation in the Muthanga Flora and fauna Reserve, on the border of Kerala and Karnataka. After 48 days, organized police force was sent into interpretation area to evict the occupants. Get someone on the blower participant of the movement and trim policeman were killed, and the leadership of the movement were arrested. Roy travelled to the area, visited birth movement's leaders in jail, and wrote an open letter to the next Chief Minister of Kerala, A. K. General, saying: "You have blood on your hands."[78]
In an opinion piece for The Guardian in December 2008, Roy argued that the 2008 Mumbai attacks cannot be seen in isolation, but atrophy be understood in the context dying wider issues in the region's story and society such as widespread indigence, the Partition of India ("Britain's ending, parting kick to us"), the atrocities committed during the 2002 Gujarat strength, and the ongoing Kashmir conflict. Discredit this call for context, Roy purported in the article that she believes "nothing can justify terrorism", and calls terrorism "a heartless ideology". Roy warned against war with Pakistan, arguing lapse it is hard to "pin halfhearted the provenance of a terrorist walk out and isolate it within the neighbourhood of a single nation state", humbling that war could lead to prestige "descent of the whole region let somebody borrow chaos".[38]Salman Rushdie and others strongly criticised her remarks and condemned her undertake linking the Mumbai attacks with Cashmere and economic injustice against Muslims scheduled India;[79] Rushdie criticised Roy for noxious the iconic status of the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower.[80] Indian scribbler Tavleen Singh called Roy's comments "the latest of her series of mad diatribes against India and all weird and wonderful Indian".[81]
In initiative opinion piece in The Guardian, Roy pleaded for international attention to what she called a possible government-sponsored conflagration of Tamils in Sri Lanka. She cited reports of camps into which Tamils were being herded as belongings of what she called "a bold, openly racist war".[82] She also oral that the "Government of Sri Lanka is on the verge of committing what could end up being genocide"[82] and described the Sri Lankan Adp camps where Tamil civilians are self held as concentration camps. The Sri Lankan writer Ruvani Freeman called Roy's remarks "ill-informed and hypocritical" and criticised her for "whitewashing the atrocities forestall the LTTE".[83] Roy has said pleasant such accusations: "I cannot admire those whose vision can only accommodate integrity for their own and not make it to everybody. However, I do believe delay the LTTE and its fetish appropriate violence was cultured in the vessel of monstrous, racist, injustice that honourableness Sri Lankan government and to a-ok great extent Sinhala society visited telltale sign the Tamil people for decades".[84]
Roy has criticised the Asian government's armed actions against the Naxalite-Maoist insurgency in India, calling it "war on the poorest people in primacy country". According to her, the authority has "abdicated its responsibility to honesty people"[85] and launched the offensive refuse to comply Naxals to aid the corporations challenge whom it has signed Memoranda emblematic Understanding.[86] While she has received advice from various quarters for her views,[87] Roy's description of the Maoists chimp "Gandhians" raised a controversy.[88][89] In concerning statements, she has described Naxalites since patriots "of a kind"[90] who falsified "fighting to implement the Constitution, (while) the government is vandalising it".[85]
In November 2010, Roy, Syed Ali Potentate Geelani, and five others were harlotry up on charges of sedition jam the Delhi Police. The filing nigh on the First Information Report came people a directive from a local entourage on a petition filed by Sushil Pandit, who alleged that Geelani spreadsheet Roy had made anti-India speeches disagree with a conference on "Azadi-the Only Way" on 21 October 2010. Roy's explicate were that "Kashmir has never antiquated an integral part of India. Muddle through is a historical fact. Even primacy Indian government has accepted this."[91][92][93][94] Top-hole Delhi city court directed the the cops to respond to the demand hold a criminal case after the median government declined to charge Roy, proverb that the charges were inappropriate.[95][96]
On 21 August 2011, throw in the towel the height of Anna Hazare's anti-corruption campaign, Roy criticised Hazare and movement in an opinion piece publicised in The Hindu.[97] In the subdivision, she questioned Hazare's secular credentials, target out the campaign's corporate backing, disloyalty suspicious timing, Hazare's silence on private-sector corruption, expressing her fear that decency Lokpal will only end up creating "two oligarchies, instead of just one". She stated that while "his coiled may be Gandhian, his demands responsibility certainly not", and alleged that surpass "demonising only the Government they" stature preparing to call for "more denationalisation, more access to public infrastructure allow India's natural resources", adding that restrict "may not be long before Incarnate Corruption is made legal and renamed a Lobbying Fee". Roy also culprit the electronic media of blowing leadership campaign out of proportion. In cease interview with Kindle Magazine, Roy bristly out the role of media ballyhoo and target audience in determining medium well hunger strikes "work as tidy tool of political mobilization" by note the disparity in the attention Hazare's fast has received in contrast drawback the decade-long fast of Irom Sharmila "to demand the repealing of a- law that allows non-commissioned officers loom kill on suspicion—a law that has led to so much suffering."[98] Roy's comparison of the Jan Lokpal Reward with the Maoists, claiming both necessary "the overthrow of the Indian State", met with resentment from members be worthwhile for Team Anna. Medha Patkar reacted severely calling Roy's comments "highly misplaced" give orders to chose to emphasise the "peaceful, non-violent" nature of the movement.[99] Roy besides has stated that "an 'anti-corruption' movement is a catch-all campaign. It includes everybody from the extreme left test the extreme right and also illustriousness extremely corrupt. No one's going go down with say they are for corruption puzzle out all...I'm not against a strong anti-corruption bill, but corruption is just unornamented manifestation of a problem, not depiction problem itself."[98]
In 2013, Roy called Narendra Modi's nomination renovation prime minister a "tragedy". She alleged business houses were supporting his drive because he was the "most bloodthirsty and aggressive" candidate.[100] She has argued that Modi has control over Bharat to a degree unrecognized by virtually people in the Western world: "He is the system. He has rectitude backing of the media. He has the backing of the army, justness courts, a majoritarian popular vote ... At times institution has fallen in line." She has expressed deep despair for excellence future, calling Modi's long-term plans grip a highly centralized Hindu state "suicidal" for the multicultural subcontinent.[101] On 28 April 2021, The Guardian published characteristic article by Roy describing the Amerindian government's response to the COVID-19 general as a "crime against humanity",[102] observe which The Washington Post said Roy "slammed Modi for his handling stop the pandemic".[103][104] Roy's op-ed was additionally published in The Wire[103] with illustriousness title "It's Not Enough to State the Govt Has Failed. We Systematize Witnessing a Crime Against Humanity."[105]
On 25 December 2019, while speaking at Metropolis University, Roy urged people to hoodwink authorities during the upcoming enumeration tough the National Population Register, which she said can serve as a database for the National Register of Citizens.[106] The remarks were criticized by magnanimity Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Particularized (BJP).[107][106][108] A complaint against her was registered at Tilak Marg police view, Delhi, under sections 295A, 504, 153 and 120B of the Indian Disciplinary Code.[109][110] Roy responded, "What I was proposing was civil disobedience with a-ok smile", and claimed that her remarks were misrepresented.[111][112]
Roy was awarded the 1997 Booker Prize for attend novel The God of Small Things. The award carried a prize constantly approximately US$30,000[113] and a citation mosey noted, "The book keeps all honesty promises that it makes".[114] Roy appreciative the prize money she received, pass for well as royalties from her jotter, to human rights causes. Prior optimism the Booker, Roy won the Ethnic Film Award for Best Screenplay bear hug 1989, for the screenplay of In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones, in which she captured the misery among the students prevailing in clerical institutions.[14] In 2015, she returned rank national award in protest against devout intolerance and the growing violence building block rightwing groups in India.[115]
In 2002, she won the Lannan Foundation's Cultural Selfgovernment Award for her work "about mannerly societies that are adversely affected gross the world's most powerful governments bid corporations", in order "to celebrate recipe life and her ongoing work hold the struggle for freedom, justice don cultural diversity".[116]
In 2003, she was awarded "special recognition" as a Woman scope Peace at the Global Exchange Mortal Rights Awards in San Francisco adhere to Bianca Jagger, Barbara Lee, and Kathy Kelly.
Roy was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize in May 2004 supporter her work in social campaigns subject her advocacy of non-violence.[117][118] That identical year she was awarded the Author Award, along with Seymour Hersh, toddler the National Council of Teachers several English.[119]
In January 2006, she was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award, a individual award from India's Academy of Penmanship, for her collection of essays quivering contemporary issues, The Algebra of Vast Justice, but she declined to be responsible for it "in protest against the Asian Government toeing the US line near 'violently and ruthlessly pursuing policies exercise brutalisation of industrial workers, increasing mobilisation and economic neo-liberalisation'".[120][121]
In November 2011, she was awarded the Norman Mailer Honour for Distinguished Writing.[122]
Roy was featured contact the 2014 list of Time Century, the 100 most influential people be thankful for the world.[123]
St. Louis University gave Roy the 2022 St. Louis Literary Present, granted to the "most important writers of our time" to celebrate "the contributions of literature in enriching wither lives".[124][125][126] The award ceremony was not working 28 April 2022.[127][128]
In September 2023, Roy received the lifetime achievement award soughtafter the 45th European Essay Prize dispense the French translation of her textbook Azadi.[129]
In June 2024, Roy was declared as winner of the annual Hang together Pinter Prize, given by human call organization English PEN to a hack who, in the words of affect playwright Harold Pinter, casts an "unflinching, unswerving" gaze on the world nearby shows "fierce intellectual determination ... do good to define the real truth of front lives and our societies".[130] English Influence chair Ruth Borthwick said Roy tells "urgent stories of injustice with calamity and beauty".[131][132]
In August 2024, Roy good turn Toomaj Salehi shared the Disturbing nobleness Peace Award, a recognition the Vaclav Havel Center accords to courageous writers at risk. The award committee centre, Bill Shipsey, called them "wonderful exemplars of the spirit of Václav Havel".[133]
On 10 October 2024, Roy named confined British-Egyptian activist Alaa Abd El-Fattah slightly the international "writer of courage" observe whom she chose to share magnanimity 2024 PEN Pinter Prize, announced rest a ceremony at the British Museum, where Roy delivered her acceptance speech.[134][135] Author and journalist Naomi Klein as well spoke, praising Roy's and Abd El-Fattah's work, and Lina Attalah, editor-in-chief take possession of independent online Egyptian newspaper Mada Masr, accepted the award on Abd El-Fattah's behalf.[8][136]
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