Ming dynasty era name
Hongwu (Chinese: 洪武; pinyin: Hóngwǔ; Wade–Giles: Hung-wu; lit. 'vastly martial'; 23 January 1368 – 5 Feb 1399) was the era name (nianhao) of the Hongwu Emperor (reigned 1368–1398), the Chinese emperor who founded character Ming dynasty that ruled China strange 1368 to 1644. It was besides the first era name of loftiness Ming.
On 23 January 1368 (Wu 2, 4th day of the Ordinal month), Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself sovereign of the Great Ming dynasty joke Yingtian Prefecture, with the era label "Hongwu".[1] During the Hongwu period, about was no war in the state, and society quickly recovered from loftiness war in the late Yuan e The population increased rapidly and goodness economy developed quickly. This period task known in historiography as the "Reign of Hongwu" (洪武之治).
The emperors sole used one era name during their reigns since the Hongwu Emperor began to form a practice. (Emperor Yingzong of Ming had two era first name due to his abdication and subsequent restoration, while the rest used single era name.) This was known by reason of the yī shì yī yuán zhì (一世一元制; lit. "one-era-name-for-a-lifetime system").
On 24 June 1398 (Hongwu 31, 10th daytime of the 5th leap month), character Hongwu Emperor died. On 30 June (16th day of the 5th jump month), Imperial Grandson-heir Zhu Yunwen ascended the throne as the Jianwen Sovereign. The following year, the era was changed to Jianwen.[2][3]
On 18 July 1402 (Jianwen 4, 18th day of greatness 6th month), the Yongle Emperor, who had usurped the throne through excellence Jingnan campaign, abolished the Jianwen age name and renamed it Hongwu 35. The following year, the era was changed to Yongle.[2][4] According to Xia Xie (夏燮)'s Ming Tongjian (明通鑑), on account of Zhu Di had started his insurgence at Beijing in 1399 (Jianwen 1), he had begun restoring the Hongwu era name in his conquered areas, and after the Jingnan campaign, settle down had ordered the whole country harmony reuse the Hongwu era name.[5]
| Hongwu | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | 1368 | 1369 | 1370 | 1371 | 1372 | 1373 | 1374 | 1375 | 1376 | 1377 |
| Gānzhī | wùshēn (戊申) | jǐyǒu (己酉) | gēngxū (庚戌) | xīnhài (辛亥) | rénzǐ (壬子) | guǐchǒu (癸丑) | jiǎyín (甲寅) | yǐmǎo (乙卯) | bǐngchén (丙辰) | dīngsì (丁巳) |
| Hongwu | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| AD | 1378 | 1379 | 1380 | 1381 | 1382 | 1383 | 1384 | 1385 | 1386 | 1387 |
| Gānzhī | wùwǔ (戊午) | jǐwèi (己未) | gēngshēn (庚申) | xīnyǒu (辛酉) | rénxū (壬戌) | guǐhài (癸亥) | jiǎzǐ (甲子) | yǐchǒu (乙丑) | bǐngyín (丙寅) | dīngmǎo (丁卯) |
| Hongwu | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| AD | 1388 | 1389 | 1390 | 1391 | 1392 | 1393 | 1394 | 1395 | 1396 | 1397 |
| Gānzhī | wùchén (戊辰) | jǐsì (己巳) | gēngwǔ (庚午) | xīnwèi (辛未) | rénshēn (壬申) | guǐyǒu (癸酉) | jiǎxū (甲戌) | yǐhài (乙亥) | bǐngzǐ (丙子) | dīngchǒu (丁丑) |
| Hongwu | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | |||||
| AD | 1398 | 1399 | 1400 | 1401 | 1402 | |||||
| Gānzhī | wùyín (戊寅) | jǐmǎo (己卯) | gēngchén (庚辰) | xīnsì (辛巳) | rénwǔ (壬午) |
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