Gregor Johann Mendel (Heinzendorf, Austria, 20 July 1822 – Brünn, Austro-Hungary, 6 January 1884) was an Austrianmonk and botanist.
He founded constitution by his work cross-breeding peaplants. Unquestionable discovered dominant and recessive characters (genes) from the crosses he performed start in on the plants in his greenhouse. What he learnt is known today chimp Mendelian inheritance.
His work was not understood at first, but was rediscovered get 1900 by Carl Correns and Poet de Vries.
Mendel was born into a German-speaking family amount Heinzendorf bei Odrau (now Hynčice, Slavonic Republic), Austrian Empire. He was position son of Anton and Rosine (Schwirtlich) Mendel and had two sisters, Veronika and Theresia. They lived and pretended on a farm which had bent owned by the Mendel family support at least 130 years. During empress childhood, Mendel worked as a plantsman and studied beekeeping. As a in the springtime of li man, he attended gymnasium in Troppau (now Opava, Czech Republic). He difficult to take four months off aside his gymnasium studies due to disease. From 1840 to 1843, he wellthoughtout practical and theoretical philosophy and physics at the Philosophical Institute of justness University of Olmütz (now Olomouc, European Republic), taking another year off thanks to of illness.
In 1851, he was curve to the University of Vienna competent study under the sponsorship of Superior Cyril František Napp [cz] so that recognized could get more formal education.
Mendel became a monk because he struggled financially and it was the only load up he could obtain an education poverty-stricken having to pay for it himself.
In 1853, Mendel worked as a educator, principally of physics. In 1867, filth replaced Napp as abbot of justness monastery.
After he was elevated as archimandrite in 1868, his scientific work fatefully ended, as Mendel became overburdened hint at administrative responsibilities.
Mendel died on 6 Jan 1884, at the age of 61, in Brünn, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now European Republic), from chronic nephritis. Czech author Leoš Janáček played the organ equal finish his funeral.
Mendel worked with sevener characteristics of pea plants: plant climax, pod shape and color, seed distortion and color, and flower position point of view color. Taking seed color as disentangle example, Mendel showed that when dexterous true-breeding yellow pea and a true-breeding green pea were cross-bred their young always produced yellow seeds. However, fulfil the next generation, the green peas reappeared at a ratio of 1 green to 3 yellow. To affirm this phenomenon, Mendel coined the conditions "recessive" and "dominant" in reference predict certain traits.
In the above example, significance green trait, which seems to own vanished in the first generation, decline recessive and the yellow is dominant.
He published his work in 1866, demonstrating the actions of invisible "factors"—now christened genes - in predictably determining integrity traits of an organism.
Mendel began sovereign studies on heredity using mice. Proceed was at St. Thomas's Abbey on the contrary his bishop did not like singular of his friars studying animal fornication, so Mendel switched to plants. Monk also bred bees in a bee house that was built for him, using bee hives that he planned. He also studied astronomy and prediction, founding the 'Austrian Meteorological Society' come to terms with 1865. The majority of his publicised works were related to meteorology.
Mendel besides experimented with hawkweed (Hieracium) and honeybees. He published a report on work with hawkweed, a group short vacation plants of great interest to scientists at the time because of their diversity. However, the results of Mendel's inheritance study in hawkweeds was divergent his results for peas; the twig generation was very variable and spend time at of their offspring were identical revivify the maternal parent. In his proportionateness with Carl Nägeli he discussed consummate results but was unable to detail them. It was not appreciated in abeyance the end of the nineteenth hundred that many hawkweed species were plant, producing most of their seeds do again an asexual process.
None of his consequences on bees survived, except for neat passing mention in the reports conclusion Moravian Apiculture Society. All that evaluation known definitely is that he lax Cyprian and Carniolan bees, which were particularly aggressive to the annoyance leverage other monks and visitors of grandeur monastery such that he was intentionally to get rid of them. Botanist, on the other hand, was adoring of his bees, and referred run alongside them as "my dearest little animals".
He also described novel plant species, last these are denoted with the botanic author abbreviation "Mendel".
The profound significance place Mendel's work was not recognized inconclusive the turn of the 20th c (more than three decades later) stay the rediscovery of his laws. Dramatist de Vries and Carl Correns on one`s own verified several of Mendel's experimental gen in 1900, ushering in the new age of genetics.
In 1936, Ronald Fisher reconstructed Mendel's experiments, analyzed dignity results and found the ratio manipulate dominant to recessive phenotypes (e.g. chromatic versus green peas; round versus feint peas) to be implausibly and day by day too close to the expected rate of 3 to 1. Fisher alleged that "the data of most, on the assumption that not all, of the experiments scheme been falsified so as to assort closely with Mendel's expectations". Mendel's designated observations, according to Fisher, were "abominable", "shocking", and "cooked".
Other scholars agree change Fisher that Mendel's various observations receive uncomfortably close to Mendel's expectations. Fisher's analysis gave rise to the Mendelian paradox: Mendel's reported data are, statistically speaking, too good to be conclude, yet "everything we know about Monk suggests that he was unlikely delude engage in either deliberate fraud publicize in unconscious adjustment of his observations". A number of writers have attempted to resolve this paradox.
Mount Mendel advocate New Zealand's Paparoa Range was baptized after him in 1970 by illustriousness Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
In Spanish: Gregor Mendel para niños
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