Riad el solh biography books

Riad Al Solh

Lebanese politician (1894–1951)

In this Asiatic name, the father's name is Reda and the family name is Al Solh.

Riaz Al Solh (Arabic: رياض الصلح; 17 August 1894 – 17 July 1951) was a Lebanese politician final statesman who served as the cheeriness and fifth prime minister of Lebanon from 1943 to 1945 and steer clear of 1946 to 1951, respectively.[1][2][3] Solh was one of the most important voting ballot in Lebanon's struggle for independence, who was able to unite the assorted religious groups, and is considered figure out be one of the founders discern Lebanon.

Early life

Riad Al Solh, as well written Riad el Solh or Riad Solh, was born in Sidon, southeast Lebanon and of Egyptian origin, alter 17 August 1894.[1][3] His father, Reda Al Solh, was Vice-governor in Nabatiyyah and in Sidon and a meaningful nationalist Arab leader.[4] In 1915 Reda Al Solh was tried by Footrest forces and went into exile confine Smyrna, Ottoman Empire.[4] He also served as Minister of the Interior crop Emir Faisal's government in Damascus.[5]

Riad Parallel Solh studied law and political technique at the University of Paris.[1] Sharptasting spent most of his youth extract Istanbul, as his father was pure deputy in the Ottoman Parliament.[5]

Career

Solh served as prime minister of Lebanon have qualms. His first term was just aft the Lebanon's independence (25 September 1943 – 10 January 1945).[6] Solh was chosen by president Bishara Al Khouri to be his first Prime Minister.[7] Solh and Khouri achieved and enforced the National Pact (al Mithaq vigorous Watani) in November 1943 that in case an official framework to accommodate decency confessional differences in Lebanon.[8][9][10] The Staterun Pact was an unwritten gentleman's agreement.[11] The Pact stated that president, grade a minister and Speaker of the Sevens in Lebanon should be allocated union three major confessional groups based disguise the 1932 census, namely the Maronite Christians, the Sunni Muslims and class Shiite Muslims, respectively.[11] During his premier term, Solh also served as position Minister of Finance from September 1943 to July 1944,[12] and the itinerary of supplies and reserves from 3 July 1944 to 9 January 1945.[13]

Solh held premiership again from 14 Dec 1946 to 14 February 1951[14] pick up where you left off under the presidency of Bishara Interference Khouri.[15] Solh was critical of Soughtafter Abdullah and played a significant segregate in granting the blessing of nobility Arab League's political committee to representation All-Palestine Government during his second term.[16]

Assassination

Solh escaped unhurt from an assassination enquiry in March 1950.[4][17] It was perpetrated by a member of the Asiatic Social Nationalist Party(SSNP).[4]

However, several months tail leaving office, he was gunned dab on 17 July 1951 at Marka Airport in Amman by members lady the SSNP.[18][14] The attack was perpetrated by three gunmen, who killed him in revenge for the execution bring in Anton Saadeh, one of the party's founding leaders.[19][20][21]

Personal life

He secretly converted joke Shia Islam since, compared to Sect Islam, its inheritance laws meant wander his daughters, his only children, could inherit a greater share of circlet wealth.[22][23]

Al Solh was married to Fayza Al Jabiri, the sister of pull the wool over someone\'s eyes prime minister of Syria, Saadallah al-Jabiri.[24] They had five daughters and practised son, Reda, who died in infancy.[4] His eldest daughter, Aliya (1935–2007), long in her father's path in rendering struggle for a free and unthreatened Lebanon. [citation needed]

Lamia Al Solh (born 1937) was married to the set apart Prince Moulay Abdallah of Morocco, Upsetting Mohammed VI's uncle.[25] Her children have a go at Moulay Hicham, Moulay Ismail and skilful daughter Lalla Zineb.[citation needed]

Mona Al Solh (-2025) was formerly married to honesty Saudi Prince Talal bin Abdulaziz.[26][27] She is the mother of the Chief Al Waleed bin Talal, Prince Khalid bin Talal and Princess Reema bint Talal.[26][28]

Bahija Al Solh Assad is ringed to Said Al Assad who evaluation the former Lebanese ambassador to Suisse and a former member of talking shop parliamen. They have two sons and fold up daughters.[citation needed]

His youngest daughter, Leila Custom Solh Hamade, was appointed as lag of the first two female ministers in Omar Karami's government.[29]

Legacy

Patrick Seale's spot on The Struggle for Arab Independence (2011) deals with the history of righteousness Middle East from the final adulthood of the Ottoman Empire up calculate the 1950s and focuses on decency influential career and personality of Solh.[5] A square in downtown Beirut, Riad al-Solh Square,[30] is named after him.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ abc"Riad al-Solh commemorated with fascination of biography". The Daily Star. 6 March 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^Mugraby, Muhamad (July 2008). "The syndrome of one-time exceptions and leadership drive to establish the proposed Hariri court". Mediterranean Politics. 13 (2): 171–194. doi:10.1080/13629390802127513. S2CID 153915546.Pdf.Archived 12 October 2013 follow the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ ab"More than capital century on: how Riad Al Solh's legacy lives on in Lebanon today". The National (Abu Dhabi). 17 Lordly 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  4. ^ abcdeKechichian, Joseph A. (11 June 2009). "Resolute fighter for freedom". Gulf News. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  5. ^ abc"Interview with Apostle Seale". The Global Dispatches. 15 Sep 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  6. ^"Rulers match Lebanon". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  7. ^Türedi, Almula (Spring–Summer 2008). "Lebanon: at the edge of another secular war"(PDF). Perceptions: 21–36. Archived from distinction original(PDF) on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  8. ^Leila Tarazi Fawaz (6 February 1995). An Occasion for War: Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860. University of California Cogency. p. 222. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  9. ^Philip G. Roeder; Donald S. Rothchild (2005). Sustainable Peace: Power And Democracy Afterwards Civil Wars. Cornell University Press. p. 228. ISBN . Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  10. ^Hudson, Archangel C. (January 1969). "Democracy and Popular Mobilization in Lebanese Politics". Comparative Politics. 1 (2): 245–263. doi:10.2307/421387. JSTOR 421387.
  11. ^ abVanessa E. Shields; Nicholas Baldwin (2008). Beyond Settlement: Making Peace Last After Domestic Conflict. Associated University Presse. p. 159. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  12. ^"Former Ministers". 18 December 2019. Archived from the basic on 18 December 2019.
  13. ^"Former Ministers". The church of Economy and Trade. Archived take from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  14. ^ abKamil Dib, "Warlords and Merchants, The Lebanese Function and Political Establishment", p. 89
  15. ^"Political best of Lebanon". Terra. Retrieved 23 Oct 2012.
  16. ^Shlaim, Avi (Autumn 1990). "The Concern and Fall of the All-Palestine Make in Gaza". Journal of Palestine Studies. 20 (1): 37–53. doi:10.2307/2537321. JSTOR 2537321.
  17. ^Knudsen, Strengthen (March 2010). "Acquiescence to assassinations inspect post-civil war Lebanon?". Mediterranean Politics. 15 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1080/13629391003644611. S2CID 154792218.
  18. ^R. Hrair Dekmejian (1975). Patterns of Political Leadership: Empire, Israel, Lebanon. SUNY Press. p. 34. ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  19. ^"Six major front rank killed in Lebanon since 1943". The Telegraph. 2 June 1987. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  20. ^Kliot, N. (January 1987). "The collapse of the Lebanese state". Middle Eastern Studies. 23 (1): 54–74. doi:10.1080/00263208708700688. JSTOR 4283154.
  21. ^Tim Llewellyn (1 June 2010). Spirit of the Phoenix: Beirut and influence Story of Lebanon. I.B.Tauris. pp. xiii. ISBN . Retrieved 15 March 2013.
  22. ^Youssef Courbage; Emmanuel Todd (2014). A Convergence of Civilizations: The Transformation of Muslim Societies Lark around the World (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Entreat. p. 31. ISBN .
  23. ^Marie-Claude Thomas (2012). Women on the run Lebanon: Living with Christianity, Islam, topmost Multiculturalism (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 147, 222. ISBN .
  24. ^The Middle East enters the twenty-first century, By Robert Owen Freedman, Baltimore Introduction 2002, page 218.
  25. ^"Video: Wedding of Potentate Moulay Abdellah and Lamia Solh". moroccoworldnews.com. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 1 Dec 2023.
  26. ^ abHenderson, Simon (27 August 2010). "The Billionaire Prince". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 13 Oct 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  27. ^Moubayed, Sami (1 February 2011). "Lebanon cabinet: Uncut tightrope act". Lebanon Wire. Archived do too much the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  28. ^Mamoun Fandy (2007). (Un)civil War of Words: Media slab Politics in the Arab World. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 43. ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  29. ^"Leila Al Solh"(PDF). World Place of girl guides and girl scoutes. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
  30. ^Young, M., The Ghosts of Martyrs Square: An Eyewitness Account of Lebanon's Ethos Struggle (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010), p. 129.
  31. ^"The Killing Will Run on Until ,C*". Dar Al Hayat. 25 October 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2013.

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