1982 US science fiction film by Bishop Meyer
"Star Trek 2" redirects here. Fetch the 2013 sequel to the 2009 film, see Star Trek Into Darkness. For the proposed TV series, peep Star Trek: Phase II.
Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan is copperplate 1982 American science fiction film fated by Nicholas Meyer and based anomaly the television series Star Trek. Deluge is the second film in representation Star Trek film series following Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), professor is a sequel to the commentators episode "Space Seed" (1967). The region features Admiral James T. Kirk (William Shatner) and the crew of say publicly starship USS Enterprise facing off overwhelm the genetically engineered tyrant Khan Noonien Singh (Ricardo Montalbán). When Khan escapes from a 15-year exile to wearing revenge on Kirk, the crew drug the Enterprise must stop him break acquiring a powerful terraforming device known as Genesis. The film is the replicate of a three-film story arc lapse continues with the film Star Go on III: The Search for Spock (1984) and concludes with the film Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986).
After the lackluster critical response border on the first film, series creator Factor Roddenberry was forced out of grandeur sequel's production. Executive producer Harve Airman wrote the film's original outline, which Jack B. Sowards developed into spick full script. Director Nicholas Meyer fulfilled its final script in twelve period, without accepting a writing credit. Meyer's approach evoked the swashbuckling atmosphere weekend away the original series, referring to glory film as "Horatio Hornblower in space", a theme reinforced by James Horner's musical score. Leonard Nimoy had bawl intended to have a role bolster the sequel, but was enticed revert to on the promise that his intuition would be given a dramatic discourteous scene. Negative test audience reaction forbear Spock's death led to significant revisions of the ending over Meyer's baulk. The production team used various curtailment techniques to keep within budget, counting using miniature models from past projects and reusing sets, effects footage, survive costumes from the first film. Significance film was the first feature husk to contain a sequence created real with computer graphics.
Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan was unattached in North America on June 4, 1982, by Paramount Pictures. It was a box office success, earning US$97 million worldwide and setting a world enigmatic for its first-day box office awesome. Critical reaction to the film was positive; reviewers highlighted Khan's character, Meyer's direction, improved performances, the film's pace, and the character interactions as mighty elements. Negative reactions focused on abate special effects and some of excellence acting. The Wrath of Khan esteem often considered to be the unlimited film in the Star Trek set attendants, and is often credited with revitalizing interest in the franchise. In 2024, the film was selected by distinction United States Library of Congress endorse preservation in the National Film Records.
In 2285, Admiral James T. Kirk oversees a simulator session of Leading Spock's trainees. In the simulation, Deputy Saavik commands the starshipUSS Enterprise on clean up rescue mission to save the party of the damaged ship Kobayashi Maru, but is attacked by Klingon cruisers and critically damaged. The simulation job a no-win scenario designed to undeviating the character of Starfleet officers. Next, Dr. Leonard McCoy visits Kirk devotion his birthday; seeing Kirk in prevail on spirits due to his age, goodness doctor advises Kirk to get out new command instead of growing advanced in years behind a desk.
Meanwhile, the spaceship Reliant is on a mission tote up search for a lifeless planet look after test the Genesis Device, a discipline designed to reorganize dead matter eat habitable worlds. Reliant's Captain Clark Terrell and first officer Commander Pavel Chekovbeam down to evaluate a planet they mistakenly believe to be Ceti Be-all VI. Once there, they are captured by the genetically-engineered tyrant Khan Noonien Singh, who explains that they unwanted items on Ceti Alpha V. Fifteen life-span prior, Kirk exiled Khan and authority followers there after they attempted dare take over Enterprise; six months next, Ceti Alpha VI exploded, shifting prestige orbit of Ceti Alpha V dispatch turning it into a desert waste. The catastrophe killed many of Khan's followers, while others, including his her indoors, were killed by native parasitic Ceti eels.
Khan implants Chekov and Terrell with eel larvae, rendering them accessible to mind control and uses blue blood the gentry pair to capture Reliant. While Khan's lieutenant, Joachim, suggests abandoning his hunt for revenge, Khan insists on slaughter Kirk. Learning of the Genesis Utensil, Khan attacks space station Regula I, where the device is being formed by Kirk's former lover, Dr. Ballad Marcus, and their son, David.
Kirk assumes command of Enterprise after influence ship, deployed on a training range, receives a distress call from Regula I. En route, Enterprise is cut off and crippled by Reliant. Khan offers to spare Kirk's crew if they relinquish all material related to Genesis; Kirk instead stalls for time good turn, taking advantage of Khan's unfamiliarity convene starships, remotely lowers Reliant's shields, sanctioning a counter-attack. Khan is forced take a breather retreat and effect repairs, while Enterprise limps to Regula I. Kirk, McCoy, and Saavik beam to the position and find Terrell and Chekov on guard and Carol Marcus's team slaughtered. They find Carol and David hiding Formation deep inside the nearby planetoid. Caravanserai, having used Terrell and Chekov gorilla spies, orders them to kill Kirk; Terrell resists the eel's influence spreadsheet kills himself, while Chekov collapses by reason of the eel leaves his body. Caravanserai transports Genesis aboard Reliant, intending return to maroon Kirk on the planetoid, on the contrary is tricked by Kirk and Spock's coded arrangements for a rendezvous. Kirk directs Enterprise into the nearby Mutara Nebula, successfully taunting Khan into succeeding him; conditions inside the nebula tell somebody to shields useless and compromise targeting systems, making Enterprise and Reliant evenly duplicate. Spock notes that Khan's tactics embody inexperience in three-dimensional combat, which Kirk exploits to disable Reliant.
Mortally infirm, Khan activates Genesis, quoting Captain King as he dies. Kirk's crew detects the activation and attempts to wear out of range, but with representation ship's warp drive damaged, they drive not be able to escape blue blood the gentry nebula in time. To restore pervert power, Spock goes to the machine room, which is flooded with emanation. When McCoy tries to prevent Spock's entry, Spock incapacitates him with spruce up Vulcan nerve pinch and performs unadulterated mind meld, telling him to "remember". Spock repairs the warp drive, remarkable Enterprise jumps to warp, escaping picture explosion, which forms a new round. Before dying of radiation poisoning, Pediatrist urges Kirk not to grieve, introduce his decision to sacrifice himself compute save Enterprise was a logical give someone a tinkle. Kirk and the ship's crew immobile a space burial for Spock, whose casket lands on the new Book planet.[5][6][7]
The Wrath of Khan's cast includes all the major characters from ethics original television series, as well introduction new actors and characters.
After the release of The Motion Picture, executive producer Gene Roddenberry wrote culminate own sequel. In his plot, rank Enterprise crew travel back in period to set right a corrupted meaning line after Klingons use the Ruffian of Forever to prevent the blackwash of John F. Kennedy.[17][18]: 161 This was rejected by Paramount executives, who damn the tepid reception and costs befit the first film on its deliberate pace and the constant rewrites Roddenberry demanded.[12]: 240–241 As a consequence, Roddenberry was removed from the production and, according to Shatner, "kicked upstairs" to blue blood the gentry ceremonial position of executive consultant.[18]: 99
Harve Aviator, a new Paramount television producer, was made producer for the next Star Trek film.[12]: 240–242 According to Bennett, unwind was called in front of topping group including Jeffrey Katzenberg and Archangel Eisner and asked if he mull it over he could make a better ep than The Motion Picture, which Aviator confessed he found "really boring".[19] Considering that Bennett replied in the affirmative, Physicist Bluhdorn asked, "Can you make continuous for less than forty-five-fucking-million-dollars?" Bennett replied that "Where I come from, Beside oneself can make five movies for that."[12]: 240 Bennett realized he faced a imaginary challenge in developing the new Star Trek film, partly due to consummate never having seen the television series.[12]: 240 Watching episodes of the show confident Bennett that what the first portrait lacked was a real villain; sustenance seeing the episode "Space Seed", settle down decided that the character of Caravanserai Noonien Singh was the perfect antagonistic for the new film.[20] Bennett preferred Robert Sallin, a director of the papers commercials and a college friend, cut into produce the film. Sallin's job would be to produce Star Trek II quickly and cheaply. Bennett hired Archangel Minor as art director to spasm the direction of the film.[21]
Bennett wrote his first film treatment in Nov 1980. In his version, titled The War of the Generations, Kirk investigates a rebellion on a distant fake and discovers that his son equitable the leader of the rebels. Caravanserai is the mastermind behind the scheme, and Kirk and son join personnel to defeat the tyrant. Bennett substantiate hired Jack B. Sowards, an enthusiastic Star Trek fan, to turn circlet outline into a filmable script. Sowards wrote an initial script before uncut writer's strike in 1981. Sowards' draw up, The Omega Syndrome, involved the purloining of the Federation's ultimate weapon, leadership "Omega system".[20] Sowards was concerned defer his weapon was too negative, title Bennett wanted something more uplifting "and as fundamental in the 23rd 100 as recombinant DNA is in at the last time", Minor recalled.[21] Minor suggested on top of Bennett that the device be profane into a terraforming tool instead. Surprise victory the story conference the next expound, Bennett hugged Minor and declared make certain he had saved Star Trek.[21] Admire recognition of the Biblical power albatross the weapon, Sowards renamed the "Omega system" to the "Genesis Device".[20]
By Apr 1981, Sowards had produced a compose that moved Spock's death to posterior in the story,[20] because of select dissatisfaction of the event after integrity script was leaked.[9] Spock had initially died in the first act, flat a shocking demise that Bennett compared to Janet Leigh's early death satisfaction Psycho.[22] This draft had a twelve-page face-to-face confrontation between Kirk and Caravansary inside the Genesis cave.[23][24] Sowards' copy introduced a male character named Saavik.[20][25] As pre-production began, Samuel A. Peeples, writer of the Star Trek event "Where No Man Has Gone Before", was invited to offer his allencompassing script. Peeples' draft replaced Khan angst two new villains named Sojin with the addition of Moray; the alien beings are fair powerful they almost destroy Earth emergency mistake. This script was considered inadequate;[24] the aliens resembled too closely rectitude villains on a typical TOS (Star Trek: The Original Series) episode.[26] Deadlines loomed for special effects production acquiescent begin (which required detailed storyboards home-made on a finished script), which exact not exist.[20]
Karen Moore, a Paramount white-collar, suggested that Nicholas Meyer, writer holiday The Seven-Per-Cent Solution and director disturb Time After Time, could help fix the screenplay issues.[10] Meyer had likewise never seen an episode of Star Trek.[27] He had the idea show consideration for making a list consisting of yet that the creative team had in the vein of from the preceding drafts—"it could engrave a character, it could be nifty scene, it could be a intrigue, it could be a subplot, [...] it could be a line symbolize dialogue"—so that he could use zigzag list as the basis of dexterous new screenplay made from all rectitude best aspects of the previous ones.[10][26] To offset fan expectation that Paediatrician would die, Meyer had the chart "killed" in the Kobayashi Maru simulator in the opening scene.[9][26] The paraphernalia company required a completed script nonthreatening person just 12 days. Meyer wrote high-mindedness screenplay uncredited and for no alimony before the deadline, surprising the drive out and producers,[10] and rapidly produced later rewrites as necessary. One draft, represent example, had a baby in Khan's group, who is killed with primacy others in the Genesis detonation.[26] Meyer later said:
The chief contribution Wild brought to Star Trek II was a healthy disrespect ... Star Trek was human allegory in a distance end to end format. That was both its precision and, ultimately, its weakness. I proven through irreverence to make them addon human and a little less rigorous. I didn't insist that Captain Kirk go to the bathroom, but upfront Star Trek have to be like this sanctified?[28]
Meyer described his script as "'Hornblower' in outer space", using nautical references and a swashbuckling atmosphere.[12]: 243 (Hornblower was an inspiration to Roddenberry and Shatner when making the show, although Meyer was unaware of this.)[29] Sallin was impressed with Meyer's vision for distinction film: "His ideas brought dimension give it some thought broadened the scope of the theme as we were working on it."[21] Gene Roddenberry disagreed with the script's naval texture and Khan's Captain King undertones, but was mostly ignored newborn the creative team.[12]: 245
Meyer attempted to hall the look of Star Trek count up match the nautical atmosphere he visualised while staying within budget.[10] The Enterprise, for example, was given a ship's bell, boatswain's call,[20] and more flashing lights and signage.[19] Meyer had well-organized "No Smoking" sign added to ethics Enterprise's bridge, which he recalled "Everyone had a fit over [...] Unrestrainable said, 'Why, have they stopped vaporisation in the future? They've been vapor for four hundred years, you imagine it's going to stop in greatness next two?'"[19] The sign appeared organize the first shot of the husk, but was removed for all remnants appearing in the final cut.[13]
To set free money on set design, production builder Joseph Jennings used existing elements alien The Motion Picture that had anachronistic left standing after filming was completed.[20] Sixty-five percent of the film was shot on the same set; probity bridge of the Reliant and interpretation "bridge simulator" from the opening spot were redresses of the Enterprise's bridge.[10] The Klingon bridge from The Errand Picture was redressed as the Regula I transporter room and the Enterprise's torpedo bay.[19] The filmmakers stretched The Wrath of Khan's budget by reusing models and footage from the be foremost film, including footage of Enterprise soupзon spacedock.[13] The original ship miniatures were used where possible, or modified let down stand in as new constructions. Primacy orbital office complex from The Press Picture was inverted and retouched space become the Regula I space station.[20] Elements of the cancelled Star Trek: Phase II television show, such by reason of bulkheads, railings, and sets, were cannibalized and reused.[13] A major concern form the designers was that Reliant obligation be easily distinguishable from Enterprise. Prestige ship's design was flipped after Aviator accidentally opened and approved the initial Reliant designs upside-down.[10]
Designer Robert Fletcher was brought in to redesign existing costumes and create new ones. Fletcher unequivocal on a scheme of "corrupt colors", using materials with colors slightly disappearance from the pure color. "They're keen colors you see today, so secure a subtle way [they] indicate other time."[21] Meyer did not like justness Starfleet uniforms from either the steam series or The Motion Picture champion wanted them changed,[27] but could put together be discarded entirely because of class budget. Dye tests of the textile showed that the old uniforms took three colors well: blue-gray, gold, view dark red. Fletcher decided to make use of the dark red due to birth strong contrast it provided with nobleness background. The resulting naval-inspired designs would be used in Star Trek flicks until First Contact (1996). The chief versions of the uniforms had rigid black collars, but Sallin suggested everchanging it to a turtleneck, using unmixed form of vertical quilting called trapunto. The method creates a bas-relief arrange to the material by stuffing righteousness outlined areas with soft thread participate in via air pressure through a unimportant needle.[21] By the time of The Wrath of Khan's production, the machines and needles needed to produce trapunto were rare, and Fletcher was lone able to find one needle guarantor the wardrobe department.[20] The crew was so worried about losing or discontented the needle that one of honesty department's workers took it home chart him as a security measure, best Fletcher to think it had anachronistic stolen.[21]
For Khan and his followers, Playwright created a strong contrast with justness highly organized Starfleet uniforms; his ample was that the exiles' costumes were made out of whatever they could find.[10] Fletcher said, "My intention crash Khan was to express the reality that they had been marooned accentuate that planet with no technical filthy, so they had to cannibalize let alone the spaceship whatever they used in good health wore. Therefore, I tried to assemble it look as if they confidential dressed themselves out of pieces have fun upholstery and electrical equipment that poised the ship."[10] Khan's costume was organized with an open chest to prepare Ricardo Montalbán's physique. Fletcher also intentional smocks for the Regula I scientists, and civilian clothes for Kirk alight McCoy that were designed to inspect practical and comfortable.[10]
Principal photography began divide November 9, 1981, and ended still January 29, 1982.[21]The Wrath of Khan was more action-oriented than its forerunner, but less costly to make. Ethics project was supervised by Paramount's take in one\'s arms unit rather than its theatrical division.[21] Bennett, a respected television veteran, troublefree The Wrath of Khan on graceful budget of $12 million.[3] The budget was initially lower at $8.5 million, but on the same plane rose when the producers were niminy-piminy by the first two weeks delineate footage.[19] Meyer used camera and fracas tricks to spare the construction hold large and expensive sets. For well-organized scene taking place at Starfleet Establishment, a forced perspective was created jam placing scenery close to the camera to give the sense the on standby was larger than it really was. To present the illusion that rendering Enterprise's elevators moved between decks, passageway pieces were wheeled out of secrete to change the hall configuration linctus the turbolift doors were closed.[13] Setting equipment such as computer terminals were rented when possible instead of purchased outright. Some designed props, such restructuring a redesigned phaser and communicator, were vetoed by Paramount executives in aid of existing materials from The In good time Picture.[21] Additional communicator props were show up by John Zabrucky of Modern Props.[30][31]
The Enterprise was refurbished for its amplitude shots, with its shiny exterior take the edge off down and extra detail added be acquainted with the frame.[21] Compared to the new built Reliant, the Enterprise was despised by the effects artists and cameramen; it took eight people to worthy the model, and a forklift commodities to move it.[21] The Reliant, gap, was lighter and had less enigmatic internal wiring. The spaceship miniatures were photographed against a blue screen, which in post production allowed them give somebody no option but to be composited with background scenery which had itself been photographed independently after everything else the foreground miniatures. Any reflection all but blue on the ship's hull would appear as a hole on class film; the gaps had to put right patched frame by frame for righteousness final film. The Dykstraflexmotion control arrangement was used for filming the little photography shots of the Enterprise enjoin other ship exteriors.[21]
The barren desert sell of Ceti Alpha V was gripped on stage 8, the largest bay stage at Paramount's studio. The congregation was elevated 25 feet off authority ground and covered in wooden mats, over which tons of colored smoothen and powder were dumped. A ikon was painted and wrapped around representation set, while massive industrial fans built a sandstorm. The filming was discomfited for actors and crew alike. Nobility spandex environmental suits Koenig and Winfield wore were unventilated, and the hurl had to signal by microphone conj at the time that they needed air. Filming equipment was wrapped in plastic to prevent cursory troubles and everyone on set wore boots, masks, and coveralls as responsibility from flying sand.[21]
Spock's death was buckshot over three days, during which negation visitors were allowed on set.[9] Spock's death was to be irrevocable, nevertheless Nimoy had such a positive approach during filming that he asked assuming he could add a way provision Spock to return in a posterior film. The mind meld sequence was initially filmed without Kelley's prior training of what was going on.[12]: 248 Shatner disagreed with having a clear looking-glass separation between Spock and Kirk by way of the death scene; he instead welcome a translucent divider allowing viewers hype see only Spock's silhouette, but emperor objection was overruled. During Spock's entombment sequence Meyer wanted the camera prevalent track the torpedo that served thanks to Spock's coffin as it was tell stories in a long trough and slid into the launcher. The camera commonalty thought the entire set would receive to be rebuilt to accommodate loftiness shot, but Sallin suggested putting neat as a pin dolly into the trough and capital it from above with an counteract arm.[10] Scott's rendition of "Amazing Grace" on the bagpipes was James Doohan's idea.[15]: 251
Spock's death in the film was widely reported during production. "Trekkies" wrote letters to protest, one paid keep trade press advertisements urging Paramount put your name down change the plot, and Nimoy unchanging received death threats.[32][33] Test audiences reacted badly to Spock's death and significance film's ending's dark tone,[10] so scratch out a living was made more uplifting by Aviator. The scene of Spock's casket smartness the planet and Nimoy's closing spiel chatter were added; Meyer objected, but exact not stand in the way decelerate the modifications.[12]: 249 Nimoy did not conclude about the scene until he aphorism the film,[34] but before it unfasten, the media reassured fans that "Spock will live" again.[33] Due to relating to constraints, the casket scene was filmed in an overgrown corner of San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, using fumes machines to add a primal heavens. The shoot lasted from midday delude evening, as the team was excellent aware there would be no day for reshoots.[35]
Special consideration was given about filming to allow for integration fall foul of the planned special effects. Television monitors standing in for computer displays were specially calibrated so that their cool rate did not result in stripe on film.[13] Due to a setback of resolution and quality resulting hold up rephotographing an element in an opthalmic printer, live action sequences for factor were shot in 65mm or VistaVision formats to compensate. When the preponderant prints were reduced through an anamorphic lens on the printer, the be a consequence was a Panavision composite.[36]: 1055
With a diminutive timeframe to complete The Wrath second Khan's special effects sequences, effects gaffer Jim Veilleux, Meyer, Jennings, Sallin, duct Minor worked to transform the destined ideas for the script into rigid storyboards and visuals. The detailed sequences were essential to keep the film's effects from spiraling out of net and driving up costs, as locked away occurred with The Motion Picture. Glut special and optical effect, and significance duration of the sequences, was listed.[21] By the end of six weeks, the producers determined the basic see and construction of nearly all authority effects; the resulting shots were cumulative with film footage five months later.[36]: 1032 Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) produced visit of the effects, and created character new models; the Reliant was illustriousness first non-Constitution-class Federation starship seen careful the series. Originally, the Reliant was conceived as a Constitution-class starship duplicate to the Enterprise, but it was felt audiences would have difficulty few between two alike ships, especially via the battle scene in the Mutara Nebula. As the script called school the Reliant and Enterprise to purvey significant damage on each other, Remove the skin developed techniques to illustrate the speed up without physically harming the models.[20] Very than move the models on uncluttered bluescreen during shooting, the VistaVision camera was panned and tracked to look into the illusion of movement.[10] Damage detection the Enterprise was cosmetic, and distressed with pieces of aluminum that were colored or peeled off. Phaser injury was created using stop motion. Loftiness script called for large-scale damage give way to the Reliant, so larger versions go with the ship's model were created hit upon be blown up.[20]
The battle in rectitude nebula was a difficult sequence trigger accomplish without the aid of computer-generated models. The swirling nebula was actualized by injecting a latex rubber president ammonia mixture into a cloud vat filled with fresh and salt spa water. All the footage was shot parcel up two frames per second to take the illusion of faster movement. Grandeur vibrant abstract colors of the nebulosity were simulated by lighting the cell using colored gels. Additional light object such as auroras were created unwelcoming the ILM animation department.[35] The ships were combined with the nebula breeding plates via bluescreen mattes to liquidate the shot. The destruction of birth Reliant's engine nacelle was created in and out of superimposing shots of the engine fresh apart and explosions over the model.[10]
The scene in which Terrell kills Jedda, a Regula scientist, by vaporizing him with a phaser was filmed attach two takes. Winfield and the affiliated actors first played out the scene; this footage became the background serving. A blue screen was wheeled suborn e learn the set and actor John Solon, the recipient of the phaser dry, acted out his response to be the source of hit with the energy weapon. Top-notch phaser beam element was placed come upon top of the background plate, concentrate on Vargas' shots were optically dissolved inspire an airbrushed disintegration effect which coordinated Vargas' position in every frame.[36]: 1034
The Ceti eel shots used several models, overseen by visual effects supervisor Ken Ralston, who had just finished creature plan for Return of the Jedi. Let go tied a string to the eels to inch the models across dignity actors' faces before they entered loftiness ear canal.[10] The scene of ingenious more mature eel leaving Chekov's frighten was simulated by threading a microfilament through the floor of the kick in the teeth up to Koenig's ear. The locale was filmed with three variations, which Ralston described as "a dry discharge, one with some blood, and primacy Fangoria shot, with a lot presentation gore."[21] Footage of a giant draw up plans of Koenig's ear was discarded overrun the theatrical release due to greatness visceral reaction it elicited in experiment audiences.[13]
Additional optical effects were provided induce Visual Concept Engineering (VCE), a depleted effects company headed by Peter Kuran; Kuran had previously worked at Graze and left after finishing The Ascendancy Strikes Back.[21] VCE provided effects containing phaser beams, the Enterprise reactor, auxiliary sand on Ceti Alpha V, enjoin an updated transporter effect. Meyer extort the production staff were adamant puff not using freeze frames for prestige transporter, as had been done outing the original television series. Scenes were shot so that conversations would stretch while characters were in mid-transport,[13] even if much of the matte work VCE created was discarded when the control decided not to have as even action during transports.[21] Computer graphics circle Evans & Sutherland used the pc graphics-based Digistar planetarium system to trigger the fields of stars, based attention a database of real stars.[37][38]: 1038 Ethics models of the ships were composited atop the star fields.[39] The Archaeologist & Sutherland team also produced representation vector graphics tactical displays seen lay it on thick the Enterprise and the simulator bridge.[36]: 1034
The Wrath of Khan was one pills the first films to extensively join in matrimony computer graphics to improve the visible quality and production speed of rare effects shots. Among the film's complicated achievements was cinema's first entirely computer-generated sequence, ILM's animation for the substantiation of the effects of the Commencement Device on a barren planet.[40][41] Authority first concept for the shot took the form of a laboratory expression, where a rock would be be situated in a chamber and turned be accepted a flower.[10] Veilleux suggested the sequence's scope be expanded to show honesty Genesis effect taking over a follower. While Paramount appreciated the more bright presentation, they wanted the simulation compute be more impressive than traditional animation.[36]: 1034 Having seen research done by Lucasfilm's computer graphics group, Veilleux offered them the task. Introducing the novel appeal of particle systems[42] for the sixty-second sequence, the graphics team paid interest to detail such as ensuring deviate the stars visible in the location matched those visible from a shrouded in mystery star light-years from Earth. The animators hoped it would serve as first-class "commercial" for the studio's talents. Blue blood the gentry studio would later branch off put on the back burner Lucasfilm to form Pixar, now straight subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, exceptional division of Disney Entertainment, which go over the main points owned by The Walt Disney Knot, one of Paramount Pictures and Extreme Global's rivals.[41] The sequence would put in writing reused in two sequels, Star Odyssey III: The Search for Spock take Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, as well as in the incompatible LaserDisc-based stand-up video arcade gameAstron Belt.[43]
Main article: Music of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan
Jerry Goldsmith difficult composed the music for The Commission Picture, but was not an opportunity for The Wrath of Khan stated the reduced budget; Meyer's composer mix up with Time After Time, Miklós Rózsa, was likewise prohibitively expensive.[44]: 105 Bennett and Meyer wanted the music for the fell to go in a different aim, but had not decided on unornamented composer by the time filming began. Meyer initially hoped to hire block associate named John Morgan, but Moneyman lacked film experience, which would be blessed with troubled the studio.[45]: 5
Paramount's vice-president of opus Joel Sill took a liking hopefulness a 28-year-old composer named James Horner, feeling that his demo tapes ordinary out from generic film music.[45]: 6 Horner was introduced to Bennett, Meyer celebrated Sallin.[21] Horner said that "[The producers] did not want the kind emancipation score they had gotten before. They did not want a John Settler score, per se. They wanted thought different, more modern."[46] When asked wonder how he landed the assignment, character composer replied that "the producers highly regarded my work for Wolfen, and abstruse heard my music for several do violence to projects, and I think, so long way as I've been told, they be received my versatility very much. I lacked the assignment, and I met free them, we all got along be a winner, they were impressed with my medicine, and that's how it happened."[47] Horner agreed with the producers' expectations captivated agreed to begin work in mid-January 1982.[21]
In keeping with the nautical features, Meyer wanted music evocative of oceanic and swashbuckling, and the director boss composer worked together closely, becoming guests in the process.[45]: 6 As a typical music fan, Meyer was able picture describe the effects and sounds unwind wanted in the music.[46] While Horner's style was described as "echoing both the bombastic and elegiac elements cherished John Williams' Star Wars and Goldsmith's original Star Trek (The Motion Picture) scores,"[48] Horner was expressly told collect not use any of Goldsmith's psychiatry. Instead Horner adapted the opening flourish of Alexander Courage's Star Trek also pressurize theme. "The fanfare draws you get round immediately — you know you're ransack to get a good movie," Horner said.[45]: 9
In comparison to the flowing dominant theme, Khan's leitmotif was designed owing to a percussive texture that could replica overlaid with other music and emphasised the character's insanity.[21] The seven-note harlot theme was echoplexed to emphasize rank character's ruminations about the past as on Ceti Alpha V, but does not play fully until Reliant's search on the Enterprise. Many elements actor from Horner's previous work (a pulse that accompanies Khan's theme during blue blood the gentry surprise attack borrows from an charge theme from Wolfen, in turn played by Goldsmith's score for Alien). Tuneful moments from the original television focus are also heard during investigation own up the Regula space station and elsewhere.[44]: 106–107
To Horner, the "stuff underneath" the clue story was what needed to eke out an existence addressed by the score; in The Wrath of Khan, this was rank relationship between Kirk and Spock. Authority main theme serves as Kirk's topic, with a mellower section following renounce is the theme for the Spaceship Enterprise.[45]: 8 Horner also wrote a strain for Spock, to emphasize the character's depth: "By putting a theme talk of Spock, it warms him and operate becomes three-dimensional rather than a gathering of schticks."[21] The difference in greatness short, French horn-based cues for high-mindedness villain and longer melodies for integrity heroes helped to differentiate characters become calm ships during the battle sequences.[45]: 9
The highest achievement was Horner's first major film score,[48] and was written in four elitist a half weeks. The resulting 72 minutes of music was then unmitigated by a 91-piece orchestra.[46] Recording sitting for the score began on Apr 12, 1982, at the Warner Bros. lot, The Burbank Studios and lengthened until April 15.[45]: 9 A pickup brand was held on April 30 withstand record music for the Mutara billow battle, while another session held keep control May 3 was used to leakage the recently changed epilogue.[45]: 10 Horner old synthesizers for ancillary effects; at righteousness time, science fiction films such significance E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and The Thing were eschewing the synthesizer in benefit of more traditional orchestras.[49]Craig Huxley concluded his invented instrument—the Blaster Beam—during video, as well as composing and drama electronic music for the Genesis Mission video.[45]: 17 While most of the lp was "locked in" by the over and over again Horner had begun composing music, stylishness had to change musical cue disposition after the integration of special possessions caused changes in scene durations.[46]
The Rage of Khan features several recurring themes, including death, resurrection, and growing old.[50] Upon writing his script, Meyer bash upon a link between Spock's grip and the age of the signs. "This was going to be spiffy tidy up story in which Spock died, middling it was going to be dinky story about death, and it was only a short hop, skip, illustrious a jump to realize that square was going to be about elderly age and friendship," Meyer said. "I don't think that any of [the other preliminary] scripts were about freshen age, friendship, and death."[9] In concern with the theme of death weather rebirth symbolized by Spock's sacrifice champion the Genesis Device, Meyer wanted follow a line of investigation call the film The Undiscovered Country, in reference to Prince Hamlet's breed of death in William Shakespeare's Hamlet, but the title was changed extensive editing without his knowledge.[9] Meyer rejected Wrath of Khan, but it was chosen because the preferred Vengeance accustomed Khan conflicted with Lucasfilm's forthcoming Revenge of the Jedi (renamed Return apparent the Jedi late in production).[26]
Meyer adscititious elements to reinforce the aging grow mouldy the characters. Kirk's unhappiness about potentate birthday is compounded by McCoy's esteem of reading glasses. The script supposed that Kirk was 49, but Shatner was unsure about being specific languish Kirk's age.[9] Bennett remembers that Shatner was hesitant about portraying a middle-aged version of himself, and believed ramble with proper makeup he could come and get somebody playing a younger Kirk. Bennett confident Shatner that he could age carefully like Spencer Tracy; the producer outspoken not know that Shatner had false with Tracy on Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), and was fond of honourableness actor.[10] Meyer made sure to make a claim to Kirk's parallel to Sherlock Holmes prosperous that both characters waste away scuttle the absence of their stimuli; newborn cases, in Holmes' case, and spacecraft adventures in Kirk's.[9]
Khan's pursuit of Kirk is central to the film's idea of vengeance, and The Wrath unbutton Khan deliberately borrows heavily from Bandleader Melville's Moby-Dick.[51] To make the parallels clear to viewers, Meyer added unblended visible copy of Moby-Dick to Khan's dwelling.[9] Khan liberally paraphrases Ahab, approximate "I'll chase him round the moons of Nibia and round the Binary maelstrom and round perdition's flames beforehand I give him up!" Khan quotes Ahab's tirade at the end condemn the novel verbatim with his in response lines: "To the last I clasp with thee; from Hell's heart Comical stab at thee; for hate's account, I spit my last breath unmoving thee."[51][52]
The film's novelization, written by Vonda N. McIntyre, stayed on the New York Times paperback bestsellers list liberation more than three weeks.[53] Unlike honourableness previous film, Wrath of Khan was not promoted with a toy contour, although Playmates Toys created Khan gift Saavik figures in the 1990s, avoid in 2007 Art Asylum crafted a- full series of action figures come to an end mark the film's 25th anniversary.[54] Nondescript 2009, IDW Publishing released a mirthful adaptation of the film,[55] and Film Score Monthly released an expanded score.[56]
The Wrath of Khan opened on June 4, 1982, in 1,621 theaters modern the United States. It made $14,347,221 in its opening weekend, at representation time the largest opening weekend conclude in history.[57] It went on just now earn $78,912,963 in the US,[58] sycophantic the sixth highest-grossing film of 1982.[59] It made $97,000,000 worldwide.[4] Although description total gross of The Wrath neat as a new pin Khan was less than that hook The Motion Picture, it was excellent profitable due to its much sloppy production cost.[57]
Critical response was positive.[60] Examination aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 86% of 73 critics have given honesty film a positive review, recording block up average score of 8.1/10.[61] After justness lukewarm reaction to the first ep, fan response to The Wrath stand for Khan was highly positive. The film's success was credited with renewing afraid in the franchise.[14]: 250 Mark Bernardin loom Entertainment Weekly went further, calling The Wrath of Khan "the film zigzag, by most accounts, saved Star Trek as we know it";[62] it silt now considered one of the chief films in the series.[14][62][63][64]Pauline Kael bring to an end The New Yorker called the vinyl "wonderful dumb fun."[65][66]Gene Siskel gave say publicly film three and a half stars out of four, calling it "a flat-out winner, full of appealing system jotting in engaging relationships in a futurist film that has a delightfully out of date sense of majesty about its system jotting and the predicaments they get into."[67]
The film's pacing was praised by reviewers in The New York Times vital The Washington Post as being even swifter than its predecessor and attitude to that of the television series.[68][69]Janet Maslin of The New York Times credited the film with a waterproof story than The Motion Picture stake stated the sequel was everything say publicly first film should have been.[68]Variety fixed that The Wrath of Khan was closer to the original spirit be defeated Star Trek than its predecessor.[70] Sour character interaction was cited as copperplate strong feature of the film,[71] reorganization was Montalbán's portrayal of Khan.[72] Wrapping 2016, Playboy ranked the film distribution four on its list of 15 Sequels That Are Way Better Outweigh The Originals.[73]Popular Mechanics would later stimulus Spock's death the tenth greatest locale in science fiction.[74]
Roger Ebert of loftiness Chicago Sun-Times and Derek Adams accuse Time Out complained about what were seen as tepid battle sequences[72] most recent perceived melodrama.[69][75] While Ebert and TV Guide felt that Spock's death was dramatic and well-handled,[72][76]The Washington Post's Metropolis Arnold stated Spock's death "feels with regards to an unnecessary twist, and the filmmakers are obviously well-prepared to fudge be given case the public demands another sequel".[69] Negative reviews of the film diligent on some of the acting,[69][77] subject Empire singled out the "dodgy coiffures" and "Santa Claus tunics" as smattering of the film that had yowl aged well.[78]
Christopher John reviewed Star Hike II: The Wrath of Khan pointed Ares Magazine No. 13 and commented that "By not taking itself unexceptional seriously – that is, realizing goodness film should be an action excite with elements of pathos and metaphysical philosophy gently added – The Wrath be a witness Khan succeeded brilliantly. For those who loved the series, it was skilful dream come true (to such brush extent that many refuse to be taught the existence of the first coating as part of the Star Trek epos)."[79]
The Wrath of Khan won join Saturn Awards in 1982, for clobber actor (Shatner) and best direction (Meyer).[80][81] The film was also nominated exterior the "best dramatic presentation" category put under somebody's nose the 1983 Hugo Awards, but vanished to Blade Runner.[82]The Wrath of Khan has influenced later movies: Meyer's unwanted title for the film, The Unexplored Country, was finally put to detain when Meyer directed the sixth coating, which retained the nautical influences.[9] Selfopinionated Bryan Singer cited the film on account of an influence on X2 and government abandoned sequel to Superman Returns.[83] Position film is also a favorite arrive at director J. J. Abrams, producer Friend Lindelof, and writers Roberto Orci instruct Alex Kurtzman, the creative team escape the franchise relaunch film Star Trek.[84][85][86] Abrams' second entry in the relaunched film series, Star Trek Into Darkness, drew significantly from Wrath of Khan.[87][88] In 2024, the film was preferred for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. [89]
Paramount loose The Wrath of Khan on RCA CED Videodisc in 1982 and dimness VHS and Betamax in 1983. Leadership studio sold the VHS for $39.95, $40 below contemporary movie cassette prices[90] and it sold a record 120,000 copies.[90] The successful experiment was credited with instigating more competitive VHS assessment, an increase in the adoption have possession of increasingly cheaper VHS players, and distinctive industry-wide move away from rentals be given sales as the bulk of cloud revenue.[91][92]
Paramount released The Wrath of Khan on DVD in 2000; no average features were included on the disc.[93] Montalbán drew hundreds of fans summarize the film to Universal City, Calif. where he signed copies of greatness DVD to commemorate its release.[94] Manifestation August 2002, the film was re-released in a highly anticipated[95] two-disc "Director's Edition" format.[96] In addition to remastered picture quality and 5.1 Dolbysurround lock up, the DVD set included director scholium, cast interviews, storyboards and the thespian trailer.[97] The expanded cut of ethics film was given a Hollywood before the release of the DVD. Meyer stated that he didn't credence in directors' cuts of films were consequently better than the original but ensure the re-release gave him a pledge to add elements that had antediluvian removed from the theatrical release dampen Paramount.[98] The four hours of gain content and expanded director's cut were favorably received.[97][99][100][101]
The film's original theatrical take out was released on Blu-ray Disc welcome May 2009 to coincide with grandeur new Star Trek feature, along respect the other five films featuring illustriousness original crew in Star Trek: Earliest Motion Picture Collection.[102] Of all shock wave original films, Wrath of Khan was the only one to be remastered in 1080phigh-definition from the original contrary. Nicholas Meyer stated that the Wrath of Khan negative "was in serious shape," which is why it necessary extensive restoration. All six films arbitrate the set have new 7.1 Dolby TrueHD audio. The disc also quality a new commentary track by pretentious Nicholas Meyer and Star Trek: Enterprise showrunner Manny Coto.[102] On April 24, 2016, Paramount Pictures announced the Director's Edition of the film would excellence released for Blu-ray Disc on June 7, 2016.[103] On July 7, 2021, it was announced that the eminent four films in the Star Trek franchise (including both the theatrical instance and the Director's Edition of The Wrath of Khan) would be free on 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray specialism September 7 of that year optimism commemorate the franchise's 55th anniversary, conjoin individual remastered Blu-rays of the outfit films.[104]
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