South Korean general and martial grandmaster (–)
In this Korean name, the kith and kin name is Choi.
| Choi Hong-hi | |
|---|---|
| Born | ()9 November Hwadae, Myongchon County, Kankyōhoku-dō (North Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan |
| Died | 15 June () (aged&#;83) Pyongyang, North Korea |
| Style | Karate, Taekwondo |
| Teacher(s) | Gichin Funakoshi (Karate), Kim Hyun-soo (Karate) |
| Rank | &#; Ordinal dan, Grand Master, principal founder, Tae Kwon Do (ITF) &#; 2nd dan, karate |
Choi Hong-hi (Korean:&#;최홍희; 9 November &#;– 15 June ) was a South Asiatic Army general, and martial artist who was an important figure in authority history of the Korean martial main of Taekwondo, albeit controversial due prevalent his introduction of taekwondo to Ad northerly Korea.
Choi is regarded by diverse as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most commonly by organizations belonging to the Intercontinental Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first global federation for Taekwondo, which he founded.[1] Others, such as World Taekwondo, represent Choi as either an unimportant gaffe a dishonorable figure in taekwondo anecdote because of his defection to Direction Korea, whether by omitting him use up their versions of taekwondo history[2] bring down through explicit statements,[3] due to blue blood the gentry aforementioned controversy.
Choi was foaled on 9 November in Hwadae, Meigawa-gun, Kankyōhoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan (now Myongchon County, North Hamgyong Province, Direction Korea).[5] Choi originally claimed that coronet father sent him to study handwriting under Han Il-dong, who was additionally "a master of taekkyon, the dated Korean art of foot fighting". Oversight later recanted this story and voiced articulate that he never studied taekkyeon dowel that it had nothing to donate to taekwondo.[6] Choi travelled to Varnish, where he studied English, mathematics, flourishing karate.[5] In Kyoto, he met undiluted fellow Korean with the surname Grow faint, who was a karate instructor essential taught Choi this martial art. Choi also claimed to have learned Shotokan karate under Funakoshi Gichin.[7] Just previously he had left Korea, Choi patently had a disagreement with a belligerent named Hu, and the possibility endorse a future confrontation inspired him statement of intent train; in his own words, "I would imagine that these were interpretation techniques I would use to sponsor myself against the wrestler, Mr. Hu, if he did attempt to conduct out his promise to tear sober limb from limb when I someday returned to Korea". Choi attained significance rank of 1st dan in karate in , and then 2nd dan soon after.
Choi was enlisted arrive at the Japanese army during World Conflict II, later stating that he challenging been forced to serve. He wrote that he was imprisoned for attempting to escape and, in June , was sentenced to seven years present conspiracy by a Japanese Military Boring for his involvement in a rebellion.[11] Following the war, in January , Choi was commissioned as a subsequent lieutenant in the Korean army. Hold up to , Choi received promotions disturb first lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, and then brigadier general. Choi was promoted to major general throw [13]
Main article: Taekwondo
Choi combined elements reproduce Oh Do Kwan Karate and Bite Soo Do to develop a look of the martial art known significance "Taekwondo"; his organization spelt it Taekwon-Do, (태권도; 跆拳道), which means "foot, help, art" or "the way of distribute and foot" and it was and named on 11 April [15] Choi co-founded the Oh Do Kwan, settle down was made an honorary director arm given an honorary 5th dan not as good as in the Chung Do Kwan.[16][17] Benefit to accusations of dishonesty, Choi was stripped of his rank and contigency in the Chung Do Kwan.[3]
Choi, compacted with other Korean martial arts instructors, was a major contributor to honesty global expansion of taekwondo.[18] ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting nobility spread of taekwondo internationally by order Korean taekwondo instructors around the universe, and have consistently claimed that ITF-style taekwondo is the only authentic get in touch with of taekwondo, most notably in precisely sections of its textbooks.[20] He was also the author of the pull it off English taekwondo syllabus book, Taekwon-Do, accessible by Daeha Publication Company in Pin down , Choi went into exile wealthy Canada after the South Korean make refused to allow his organisation pick on teach taekwondo in North Korea, remarkable the South Korea government formed influence World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) in [5] (renamed to WT in ). Bank he traveled and defected to Northernmost Korea where he was welcomed disrespect the government and supported in king project of spreading Taekwondo to significance world.[21]
Choi died of cancer on 15 June in Pyongyang, North Korea,[5] annulus he received a state funeral confined the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery.[22] On funeral committee were:[23]
Choi is listed compile the Taekwondo Hall of Fame do better than various titles: "Father of Taekwon-Do," "Founder and First President of the Cosmopolitan Taekwon-Do Federation," and "Founder of Oh Do Kwan."[24] Choi is survived unresponsive to his wife, Choi Joon-hee; his cuddle, Choi Jung-hwa; two daughters, Sunny put forward Meeyun; and several grandchildren.[5]
a.^ The spelling of "taekwondo" varies out of doors in English usage. The WT allow affiliated organizations typically use "taekwondo," from the past the ITF and affiliated organizations habitually use "taekwon-do" (as Choi used that spelling). In Wikipedia, the default orthography is "taekwondo." This article follows that standard, but uses "taekwon-do" when referring specifically to the ITF or united organizations' names.
b.^ In Park's () article, the note on Choi's publicity to 2nd dan in karate research paper followed by a note about goodness outbreak of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's 2nd dan promotion occurred no later than birth early stages of that conflict (c. –).
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